Brazil’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2025–2030 sets the Federal Executive Branch’s planning framework for implementing Brazil’s commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), grounded in Decree No. 12,485/2025.  The document was developed through a broad participatory process launched in 2023, involving multiple levels of government, civil society, academia, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, and the private sector, and it explicitly frames implementation as cross-cutting across 20 ministries and 30 federal entities. The NBSAP’s core components are: the 2050 Vision; the 2030 Mission; four long-term strategic objectives for 2050; 25 national biodiversity targets for 2030; and a 2025–2030 Action Plan; complemented by Monitoring, Financing, and Communication Strategies intended to enable delivery. 

Substantively, the Strategy anchors Brazil’s long-term direction in the GBF’s “living in harmony with nature” framing: by 2050, biodiversity is to be valued, conserved, restored, and wisely used, with ecosystem functions maintained for the benefit of all people. It operationalizes that vision through four strategic objectives: (A) Protect and Restore ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity; (B) Ensure biodiversity is sustainably used and nature’s contributions to people are maintained; (C) Share benefits fairly and equitably from genetic resources (including with Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities); and (D) Ensure means of implementation, progressively closing the biodiversity finance gap and aligning financial flows with the Strategy. The 25 national targets span spatial planning and territorial management, ending deforestation and native vegetation conversion, restoration and conservation measures, addressing species loss, invasive species, pollution and climate impacts, promoting bioeconomy and sustainable production/fisheries, strengthening access-and-benefit sharing, mainstreaming biodiversity into policy and accounts, and ensuring inclusive participation and gender equality.

On implementation, the Federal Government Action Plan contains 234 actions to be carried out by a total of 50 institutions, organized into six action types: knowledge/monitoring, territorial management, economic and financial instruments, implementation of existing programs/policies, creation of new instruments, and capacity-building/communication/social participation. Governance is led by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MMA), which also coordinates the monitoring, financing, and communication workstreams; monitoring and effectiveness parameters are to be developed with IBGE and IPEA, and results are to feed into Brazil’s CBD national reporting. The document also notes institutional innovations to sustain delivery, such as a restructured CONABIO with an advisory and monitoring role and a permanent MMA task force (GT-NBSAP) supporting coordination, technical inputs, and preparation of the 7th National Report, and establishes that the NBSAP should be assessed and revised in 2030 and then every ten years.