With its important properties that ensure the sustainability of ecosystems, the rich biodiversity of the Republic of Armenia is simultaneously an important prerequisite for the economic development of the country. Endemic species of beneficial weeds and wildlife contribute to the development of various sectors of agriculture, such as crop production, animal husbandry, beekeeping, fish farming, as well as some important branches of light and food industry.

The role of biodiversity in maintaining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ecosystem services (hereinafter referred to as ES) is invaluable, especially for gene pool conservation, selection, obtaining medicines, and producing new materials through biotechnology.

The main groups of fauna, flora and macrofungi of the Republic of Armenia used as food in the Republic of Armenia are as follows:

1. Edible herbs: about 400 species,
2. Wild fruits trees: about 140 species,
3. Honey plants: about 350 species,
4. Medicinal plants: about 700 species,
5. Industrial crops: about 350 species,
6. Fodder: about 1000 species,
7. Edible fungi: about 40 species.

All the main ecosystems of the Caucasus region, except for the humid subtropical zones, are represented in Armenia: semi-deserts, steppes, sparse forests, forests, meadow-steppes, subalpine and alpine vegetation and other inter-zonal ecosystems, which are habitats for representatives of the flora and fauna. The diversity of ecosystems also makes it possible to distinguish different and highly specific ecosystem services, which are represented in each ecosystem in different composition and proportion.

Currently, ecosystem services are not assessed in Armenia, but such assessment is highly encouraged, especially for specially protected areas, forestry, and other valuable ecosystems.

Almost the entire ecosystem diversity of Armenia is of great value. Some of them are particularly important for human economic activity, in particular, pastures, grasslands and forests used for agricultural purposes. Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services, and some ecosystems also have significant aesthetic value.

More than 50 ecosystems are considered rare, both in Armenia and globally, including:

1. salt marshes in the Ararat Valley (D6.24)
2. arid and semi-desert ecosystems with Salsola dendroides as the main plant and the presence of Cistanche armena (E1.3361),
3. meadow steppes dominated by Acanthus dioscoridis (E2.1611),
4. steppes with a predominance of wild wheat species (E1.2E22),
5. shiblyaks with the species Iris iberica (F3.24761),
6. shiblyaks with Paeonia tenuifolia , rare and endemic plants and animals are found (F3.24762), etc.

The vision for biodiversity conservation of the Republic of Armenia is to conserve, restore and sustainably use Armenia's biodiversity by 2030, ensuring the continuity of ecosystem services and the well-being of society.

The goals of biodiversity conservation in Armenia are as follows:

1. conserve the genetic and species diversity of Armenia's flora and fauna, improve the ecological status of endangered species,
2. restore and maintain the integrity, interconnectedness and stability of ecosystems,
3. ensure the sustainable use of biodiversity, the valuation, conservation and restoration of the services provided by ecosystems,
4. ensure equitable distribution of monetary and non-monetary benefits derived from genetic resources and digital sequences, including access to local communities and other beneficiaries;
5. ensure the necessary financial, logistical and human resources for biodiversity conservation and implementation of the measures envisaged in the Action Plan.