National Targets C, D and F collectively address aspects of the sustainable, legal and safe use, harvesting and trade of wild species. Planned actions include technical standards for assessing and harvesting species of economic interest, strengthening controls on harvesting and commercialization, and identifying protected specimens in trade. Species conservation assessments and action plans support the prevention of overexploitation, while measures concerning alien species introductions, aquaculture, pets and introduction pathways address risks associated with the movement and use of non-native species.

Coverage is strongest for sustainability, legality and invasive alien species risks. The listed actions do not explicitly address pathogen spillover risks associated with wildlife use and trade, or establish comprehensive safeguards to minimize impacts on non-target species and ecosystems. Although sustainable resource use is included, protection of customary sustainable use by local communities is not expressly addressed within these three targets; related provisions are included under National Target H.