Tanzania boasts of having a rich of biodiversity that include six of the 25 world-renowned biodiversity hotspots where Tanzania ranks 15^th in the world on mammal diversity including the large mammal populations and is home to the 10^th highest total number of IUCN Red Listed threatened species in the world. The biodiversity abundance contributes significantly to national socio-cultural, economic and environmental goods and services and people's well-being. Owing to its biodiversity richness, Tanzania is a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) since 1996 and is committed to the international obligation to protect and conserve its biodiversity as a global resource. As such, the country has taken a number of initiatives including formulating and implementing the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) that built on the Aichi Targets (2015-2020) and currently the NBSAP (2025-2030) that seeks to address biodiversity targets and priority actions that contribute to the Kunming Montreal Biodiversity Framework. 

The NBSAP (2025-2030) highlights the significance and contribution of biodiversity to the national economy, human well-being and sets the policy, legal and institutional framework for effective delivery of the 2030 targets and national contributions to the Four Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) Strategic Goals. It identifies the drivers of biodiversity loss and main threats that include habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation of plant and animal species, pollution, introduction and emergence of invasive species, excessive abstraction of water resources, exploration and extraction of oil and gas, climate change and genetic erosion.

The preparation of NBSAP (2025-2030) was participatory involving a broad range of stakeholders both in the public and non-state actors with consultations that prioritized national Targets and Actions towards the 2030 global commitments. The NBSAP III comprises of four goals,22  National targets and 125 priority actions. While the targets align to the CBD objectives and the KMGBF, it highlights the national needs on sustainable contribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services to human well-being and the national economy. The national Targets and Actions prioritized for 2025-2030 under the four KMGBF are:

Strategic Goal A: Protect and Restore

Target 1:      By 2030, priority terrestrial, inland waters and coastal and marine areas are under participatory, biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning.

Target 2:      By 2030, at least 30% of areas of degraded ecosystems are under effective restoration

Target 3:      By 2030, areas important for biodiversity and associated ecosystem services are conserved 

Strategic Goal B: Prosper with Nature

Target 4-1: By 2030, the loss of genetic diversity of native, wild and domesticated terrestrial, coastal and marine, and inland waters ecosystems reduced by 30%.

Target 4-2: By 2030, the extinction of known threatened species of terrestrial, coastal, marine, and inland waters ecosystems is prevented by 30%.

Target 4-3: By 2030, the genetic diversity of socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species maintained at 40%.

Target 5-1: Ecological integrity through safe, sustainable and legal harvesting and trade of wild flora and fauna in terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems to enhanced by 2030.

Target 5-2: Sustainability of at least 6 out of the 8 priorities inland and marine fisheries in Tanzania (small pelagic; tuna and tuna like species; prawns; octopus and reef fish, and tilapia; catfish and sleek lattes) ensured by 2030.

Target 5-3: Monitoring of large-scale fisheries in Tanzania’s Exclusive Economic Zone strengthened by 2030.

Strategic Goal C: Share Benefits Fairly

Priority targets and actions under this goal focus on reducing pollution and minimizing the impacts of climate change on habitats and ecosystems.

Target 6:        Reduce the rates of introduction of invasive alien species by 50% and minimize their impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services by 2030.

Target 7:        By 2030, at least 50% of pollution is reduced from all sources.

Target 8:        Minimize the impact of climate change on terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine habitats, and other vulnerable ecosystems to maintain their integrity and build resilience by 2030.

Strategic Goal D: Invest and Collaborate

Target 10: Application of biodiversity-friendly practices in agriculture, fisheries aquaculture, and forestry for long-term productivity and support to food security and conservation enhanced by 2030.

Target 11: By 2030, nature’s contributions to people are Restored, maintained and enhanced.

Target 12:  By 2030, Blue and green spaces are integrated into urban plans for human well-being and biodiversity conservation.

Target 13: By 2030, Guidelines and regulations supporting access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization implemented.

Target 17: By 2030, Capacity for implementation of biosafety measures substantially strengthened

Target 19: By 2030, at least US$300 million per year mobilized from public and private sector for effective implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategic and Action Plan (NBSAP 2025-2030). 

Target 20: By 2030, Capacity building, technology transfer, and scientific and technical cooperation for biodiversity strengthened.

Target 21: Accessibility of the best available data, information and knowledge, to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, are integrated into participatory management of biodiversity by 2030.

Target 22: By 2030, participation in decision-making and access to justice and information related to biodiversity for all enhanced.

Target 23: By 2030, gender equality and responsiveness in the implementation of the National biodiversity strategy and action plan enhanced.

Realization of these diverse NBSAP Targets will require the following measures:

1. Effective coordination of the NBSAP interventions under VPO and the respective sector units;
2. Mainstreaming implementation in sector policies, strategies and programs;
3. Establishment and implementation of an effective monitoring framework;
4. Implementation of a robust financial resource’s mobilization mechanism; 
5. Establishing and harnessing strong partnerships and engagement of all stakeholders.

The implementation of the NBSAP (2025-2030) is estimated to require USD 1.5 billion, an average of USD 300 million per year. This biodiversity finance flows will include public and private financial resources, investments in commercial activities that produce positive biodiversity outcomes and the value of the transactions in biodiversity-related markets. These will embrace the national public sources that represent traditional and innovative sources such as trust funds and nature-based solutions. Other sources will include funding from bilateral and multilateral cooperation and agencies channeled through different funding modalities such as Direct-to-project modality; Basket funds and General budget support, through government budget.

To track delivery of the planned targets, a Monitoring and Evaluation framework is included that will involve regular reviews to measure performance on the targets across sectors