Kiribati is a low-lying atoll nation comprising 33 islands scattered across a vast expanse of ocean. Its marine waters harbor a rich diversity of life that underpins national food security, economic stability, social well-being, and cultural identity. With extremely limited land area and scarce terrestrial resources, the country faces significant challenges in sustaining local livelihoods. Furthermore, Kiribati is increasingly vulnerable to the escalating impacts of climate change and environmental pressures from human activity. Recognizing the critical role of its marine and terrestrial ecosystems, Kiribati is committed to protecting and sustainably managing these resources for present and future generations.

As a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Kiribati collaborates closely with key stakeholders—including government ministries, non-governmental organizations, faith-based groups, and civil society—to formulate the Kiribati National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (K-NBSAP) 2021–2030. This strategic plan establishes national targets and priorities aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Implemented across key sectors over a 10-year period, the plan outlines effective, multi-sectoral approaches to manage, conserve, and restore marine and terrestrial biodiversity.