CHM - ORTNational Target
General
France
Mesure 4 : Agir sur nos importations pour réduire notre empreinte biodiversité à l'étranger.
FRLe commerce international a des conséquences directes sur le transport et l’introduction d’agents pathogènes et d’espèces exotiques envahissantes, et des conséquences indirectes sur le changement d’affectation des sols, le climat, la surexploitation des ressources et d’autres formes de pollutions à I’étranger. Ces éIéments représentent Ies cinq principaux facteurs d’érosion de la biodiversité identifiés par la Plateforme intergouvernementale scientifique et politique sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques (IPBES) en 2019. Irwin et al. (2022) montrent ainsi que le commerce international est lié à 30 % des menaces pesant sur la biodiversité.
En particulier, Ia consommation de I’Union européenne (UE) représenterait près de 10 % de la déforestation mondiale selon la Commission européenne et Ia part cumuIée de I’UE dans Ia déforestation importée sur Ia période 1990-2008 s’éIèverait à 36 % du total de la déforestation liée au commerce mondial. Cet impact est particulièrement fort dans les régions tropicales humides où sont cuItivées de nombreuses denrées susceptibIes d’être exportées vers I’UE.
Une politique commerciale alignée avec les enjeux de biodiversité peut à I’inverse contribuer positivement à sa préservation partout dans le monde, notamment en diffusant les standards européens de protection de I’environnement. Pour ceIa, Ia présente mesure propose d’actionner simultanément les trois leviers suivants :
- Accords commerciaux bilatéraux ;
- Mesures unilatérales de l'Union européenne ;
- Renforcement des capacités nationales de contrôle.
- Aligner les accords commerciaux de l’UE avec les objectifs de lutte contre l’érosion de la biodiversité ;
- Déployer de nouvelles mesures miroirs, permettant d'appliquer aux importations certaines normes de production européennes favorables à la protection de la biodiversité ;
- Mettre en oeuvre la stratégie nationale de lutte contre la déforestation importée (SNDI) et les dispositions prévues par le règlement européen contre la déforestation et la dégradation des forêts ;
- Renforcer le contrôle du commerce et de l'exploitation des espèces sauvages, des ressources génétiques et des produits issus de la déforestation par la création d'un service à compétence nationale dédié.
Alignment
GBF-G-B. Biodiversity is sustainably used and its contributions to people are maintained, enhanced or restored
GBF-G-C. Benefits from the use of genetic resources are shared and substantially increased
| Global Targets | Degree of Alignment |
GBF-T14. The multiple values of biodiversity are integrated into decision-making at all levels GBF-T14. The multiple values of biodiversity are integrated into decision-making at all levelsEnsure the full integration of biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning and development processes, poverty eradication strategies, strategic environmental assessments, environmental impact assessments and, as appropriate, national accounting, within and across all levels of government and across all sectors, in particular those with significant impacts on biodiversity, progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities, fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of this framework. | Medium |
GBF-T15. Businesses assess and disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks, and reduce negative impacts GBF-T15. Businesses assess and disclose biodiversity dependencies, impacts and risks, and reduce negative impactsTake legal, administrative or policy measures to encourage and enable business, and in particular to ensure that large and transnational companies and financial institutions:
(a) Regularly monitor, assess, and transparently disclose their risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity, including with requirements for all large as well as transnational companies and financial institutions along their operations, supply and value chains and portfolios;
(b) Provide information needed to consumers to promote sustainable consumption patterns;
(c) Report on compliance with access and benefit-sharing regulations and measures, as applicable;
in order to progressively reduce negative impacts on biodiversity, increase positive impacts, reduce biodiversity-related risks to business and financial institutions, and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production. | High |
GBF-T13. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, digital sequence information and associated traditional knowledge GBF-T13. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources, digital sequence information and associated traditional knowledgeTake effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits that arise from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and facilitating appropriate access to genetic resources, and by 2030 facilitating a significant increase of the benefits shared, in accordance with applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments. | High |
GBF-T05. Use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal GBF-T05. Use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legalEnsure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities. | Medium |
Consistency with international agreements or instruments
Cooperation and synergies
National circumstances, priorities and capabilities
Indicators to be used to monitor this national target
15.1 Number of companies disclosing their biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts
5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
B.1 Services provided by ecosystems
C.1 Monetary benefits received in accordance with applicable internationally agreed access and benefit-sharing instruments
C.2 Non-monetary benefits arising from applicable international access and benefit-sharing instruments
14.b Number of countries integrating biodiversity and its multiple values into policies, regulations, planning, development processes, poverty eradication strategies and, as appropriate, national accounts, within and across all levels and across all sectors, and progressively aligning all relevant public and private activities and fiscal and financial flows with the goals and targets of the Framework
15.b Number of countries with legal, administrative or policy measures aimed at encouraging and enabling business and financial institutions, and in particular for large and transnational companies and financial institutions, to progressively reduce their negative impacts on biodiversity, increase their positive impacts, reduce their biodiversity-related risks and promote actions to ensure sustainable patterns of production
B.b Number of countries with policies or actions for implementing and monitoring the sustainable use of biodiversity and the maintenance and enhancement of nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services
13.b Number of countries that have taken effective legal, policy, administrative and capacity-building measures at all levels, as appropriate, to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources and from digital sequence information on genetic resources, as well as traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources
Means to implementation and barriers to implementation
No (Means of implementation available)