CHM - ORTIncentives, including subsidies that are harmful to biodiversity, are significant drivers of biodiversity loss. Therefore, it is necessary to review and implement changes to subsidies and other incentives that are detrimental to biodiversity in a more significant and extensive manner to ensure sustainability. The elimination, cessation, or modification of harmful incentives is a crucial and necessary step that also brings economic and social benefits.
Creating or developing positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity will contribute to achieving biodiversity targets. This can be accomplished by providing financial resources or other incentives to encourage key stakeholders to take actions beneficial to biodiversity.
Target value is set for 2027 as follows:
1. The proportion of the budget for biodiversity is not less than 0.3% of the total budget.
2. At least 1 mechanism to support and access biodiversity funding sources is implemented.
3. At least 1 sector has adjusted its operational guidelines to reduce impacts, threats, and harm to biodiversity.
4. The number of incentive measures that positively affect biodiversity increases by at least 3 measures, while incentive measures that negatively affect biodiversity are reduced.
5. Financial mechanisms to support operations for protection, conservation, and utilization of biodiversity increase by no fewer than 5 mechanisms.
The measures to achieve this national target are mainstream and support the implementation of the national Biodiversity Finance plan to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
| Global Targets | Degree of Alignment |
GBF-T18. Reduce harmful incentives by at least $500 billion per year GBF-T18. Reduce harmful incentives by at least $500 billion per yearIdentify by 2025, and eliminate, phase out or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful for biodiversity, in a proportionate, just, fair, effective and equitable way, while substantially and progressively reducing them by at least 500 billion United States dollars per year by 2030, starting with the most harmful incentives, and scale up positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. | Low |
GBF-T19. Financial resources increased to $200 billion per year, including $ 30 billion through international finance GBF-T19. Financial resources increased to $200 billion per year, including $ 30 billion through international financeSubstantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by 2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year, including by:
(a) Increasing total biodiversity related international financial resources from developed countries, including official development assistance, and from countries that voluntarily assume obligations of developed country Parties, to developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, to at least US$ 20 billion per year by 2025, and to at least US$ 30 billion per year by 2030;
(b) Significantly increasing domestic resource mobilization, facilitated by the preparation and implementation of national biodiversity finance plans or similar instruments according to national needs, priorities and circumstances;
(c) Leveraging private finance, promoting blended finance, implementing strategies for raising new and additional resources, and encouraging the private sector to invest in biodiversity, including through impact funds and other instruments;
(d) Stimulating innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services, green bonds, biodiversity offsets and credits, benefit-sharing mechanisms, with environmental and social safeguards;
(e) Optimizing co-benefits and synergies of finance targeting the biodiversity and climate crises;
(f) Enhancing the role of collective actions, including by indigenous peoples and local communities, Mother Earth centric actions[1] and non-market-based approaches including community based natural resource management and civil society cooperation and solidarity aimed at the conservation of biodiversity;
(g) Enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of resource provision and use.
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[1] Mother Earth-centric actions: Ecocentric and rights-based approach enabling the implementation of actions towards harmonic and complementary relationships between peoples and nature, promoting the continuity of all living beings and their communities and ensuring the non-commodification of environmental functions of Mother Earth. | High |
They are reflected in measures and actions taken for this target as attached. Target 9 Incentive measures_measures and actions.docx
Incentive Mechanism
The first measure involves the elimination, phase out or reform of incentives, including subsidies, that are harmful to biodiversity. The second measure focuses on expanding positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The details are as follows:
1. Identify negative incentives—There are various negative incentives that need to be identified, including subsidies which have diverse impacts on biodiversity.
2. Eliminate, phase out or reform negative incentives— Implement concrete and potentially gradual elimination, phasing out, or reform of harmful subsidies. Both the elimination and phasing out of harmful incentives require ending support for such incentives.
3. Accelerate the elimination, phasing out, or reform of the most harmful incentives—Prioritize action on incentives with the most severe negative impacts on biodiversity.
4. Scale up and create positive incentives—Positive incentives are economic, legal, or institutional measures designed to encourage activities beneficial to biodiversity. Examples include public land acquisition, grant-aided conservation projects, and conservation easements.
Financial Mechanisms and Investment
There are measures and operational guidelines as follows:
5. Significantly increase domestic resource mobilization—Facilitate this through developing, implementing, and redesigning national biodiversity financial plans and budgets, such as budget plans of responsible agencies, budget plans of local government organizations, etc.
6. Increase international financial resources related to biodiversity, including official development assistance and voluntary contributions from donor countries, to supplement domestic budgets during the initial phase of the plan implementation.
7. Mobilize financial sector engagement and private business participation to promote blended finance solutions, combining private, public, and international funding. Implement strategies to secure new and additional financial resources, particularly by encouraging private sector investment in biodiversity protection, conservation, and sustainable use through dedicated funds and financial instruments.
8. Stimulate innovative financing mechanisms, including payment for ecosystem services, green bonds, biodiversity offsets and credits, and benefit-sharing arrangements, while ensuring appropriate environmental and social safeguards.
9. Enhance the efficiency of financial support from diverse funding sources to promote co-benefits and collaboration across financial sectors targeting shared priorities, such as addressing biodiversity loss and climate change crises.
10. Enhance the role of collective actions, including by indigenous peoples and local communities, through non-business approaches, such as community-based natural resource management and civil society partnerships focused on biodiversity conservation.
International Organizations
Civil Society Organizations (CSO): CSO work in Thailand
Private Sectors
Academic Institutes: Universities
Capacity building, establish network and partnership, matching fund, including financial mechanisms and incentive measure to support local community and private sectors for implementation this target.