By 2030, ensure that the use, harvesting, and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe, and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spillover.

Policy: The Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (1996)

Actions: Cambodia will ensure sustainable, safe and legal harvesting and trade of wild species by strengthening enforcement against illegal hunting and trafficking, improving inspection and chain-of-custody systems, and aligning implementation with CITES obligations. Sustainable harvest regulations, licensing and monitoring will be enhanced for priority taxa. SMART-based site monitoring and risk-based controls will improve compliance. Community-based conservation mechanisms will support sustainable use and livelihood alternatives, while integration of wildlife trade surveillance with One Health approaches will reduce spillover risks and strengthen cross-sector coordination. 

This target ties sustainable use to legality and safety, combining conservation outcomes with health risk management through explicit pathogen spillover-related actions. Community-based wildlife management and sustainable harvesting programmes reflect the role and interests of local communities in implementation. The design also implies coordinated enforcement and monitoring across agencies and supply chains, supported by evidence-based guidelines and data.

Substantively aligned (sustainable, safe, legal; non-target impacts; pathogen spillover), but Cambodia text does not explicitly reference customary sustainable use by IPLCs (GBF does).

to be analyzed if we need to have additional means of implementation