CHM - ORTL'objectif de « D'ici 2035, accélérer et élargir d’une manière significative et équitable le recours à des pratiques respectueuses de la biodiversité dans les systèmes de production alimentaires tout en favorisant les fonctions et les services écosystémiques rendus par les zones agricoles, aquacoles, halieutiques, forestières et en faisant recours aux solutions fondées sur la nature » vise à transformer les pratiques agricoles, aquacoles, halieutiques et forestières pour qu'elles deviennent plus durables et respectueuses de la biodiversité.
Cet objectif met l'accent sur l'urgence et l'ampleur des changements nécessaires, en adoptant rapidement des pratiques de production alimentaire qui minimisent l'impact négatif sur la biodiversité et maximisent les bénéfices écologiques, telles que les méthodes de culture biologique, l'agroécologie, la pêche durable et la gestion forestière respectueuse de l'environnement. Il insiste également sur l'importance de l'équité dans l'adoption de ces pratiques, garantissant que les bénéfices soient accessibles à toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les petits producteurs, les communautés rurales et les populations marginalisées, à travers des programmes de soutien et des incitations.
En favorisant les fonctions et services écosystémiques, comme la pollinisation, la régulation du climat, la purification de l'eau et la protection contre les catastrophes naturelles, les pratiques de production alimentaire contribuent à la résilience des écosystèmes et à la santé environnementale globale. Cet objectif englobe tous les systèmes de production alimentaire, terrestres et aquatiques, chacun présentant des défis et des opportunités uniques pour la conservation de la biodiversité.
Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SfN), qui utilisent les processus naturels pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux et sociaux, sont intégrées dans les systèmes de production alimentaire. Cela inclut la restauration des écosystèmes, la création de corridors écologiques, la gestion des bassins versants pour réduire les inondations et l'utilisation de plantes pour purifier l'eau, améliorant ainsi la résilience des écosystèmes et assurant des bénéfices à long terme pour la biodiversité et les communautés humaines.
Les systèmes de production alimentaires au Maroc sont diversifiés et incluent l'agriculture, la foresterie et l'aquaculture. L'agriculture, qui emploie environ 40 % de la population active, est dominée par les céréales, légumes et fruits, et est majoritairement pluviale avec un soutien important de l'irrigation dans certaines régions. La foresterie fournit du bois, des produits non ligneux et des aliments pour le bétail, tandis que l'aquaculture, en pleine croissance, contribue à la sécurité alimentaire par l'élevage de poissons, crustacés et algues.
Ces systèmes font face à des défis tels que la rareté de l'eau, la dégradation des sols, le changement climatique et la volatilité des prix alimentaires. Le gouvernement marocain a mis en place des politiques comme le Plan Maroc Vert et la Stratégie nationale de l'eau pour soutenir ces systèmes. Malgré les défis, ces systèmes ont un fort potentiel pour contribuer à la sécurité alimentaire notamment par l'élevage de poissons, de coquillages et d’algues.
Les paiements pour services écosystémiques (PSE) au Maroc sont prometteurs pour la conservation de la biodiversité et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles. Ils récompensent les communautés pour la conservation des forêts, la protection des bassins versants et la préservation de la biodiversité. Des initiatives notables incluent le mécanisme de compensation pour mise en défens, le projet GIRE-PSE dans le bassin du Tensift, et l'initiative "Forêts du Cèdre". Malgré des défis tels que le manque de financements, la complexité des mécanismes de paiement et la sensibilisation insuffisante, les PSE peuvent concilier conservation et développement socio-économique, contribuant ainsi à la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable au Maroc.
| Global Targets | Degree of Alignment |
GBF-T03. 30% of areas are effectively conserved GBF-T03. 30% of areas are effectively conservedEnsure and enable that by 2030 at least 30 per cent of terrestrial, inland water, and of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are effectively conserved and managed through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and integrated into wider landscapes, seascapes and the ocean, while ensuring that any sustainable use, where appropriate in such areas, is fully consistent with conservation outcomes, recognizing and respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, including over their traditional territories. | Low |
GBF-T05. Use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal GBF-T05. Use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legalEnsure that the use, harvesting and trade of wild species is sustainable, safe and legal, preventing overexploitation, minimizing impacts on non-target species and ecosystems, and reducing the risk of pathogen spill-over, applying the ecosystem approach, while respecting and protecting customary sustainable use by indigenous peoples and local communities. | Low |
GBF-T07. Pollution reduced, halving nutrient loss and pesticide risk GBF-T07. Pollution reduced, halving nutrient loss and pesticide riskReduce pollution risks and the negative impact of pollution from all sources, by 2030, to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, considering cumulative effects, including: reducing excess nutrients lost to the environment by at least half including through more efficient nutrient cycling and use; reducing the overall risk from pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals by at least half including through integrated pest management, based on science, taking into account food security and livelihoods; and also preventing, reducing, and working towards eliminating plastic pollution. | Low |
GBF-T08. Minimize impacts of climate change and ocean acidification including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches GBF-T08. Minimize impacts of climate change and ocean acidification including through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approachesMinimize the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on biodiversity and increase its resilience through mitigation, adaptation, and disaster risk reduction actions, including through nature-based solution and/or ecosystem-based approaches, while minimizing negative and fostering positive impacts of climate action on biodiversity. | High |
GBF-T10. Areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably GBF-T10. Areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainablyEnsure that areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry are managed sustainably, in particular through the sustainable use of biodiversity, including through a substantial increase of the application of biodiversity friendly practices, such as sustainable intensification, agroecological and other innovative approaches contributing to the resilience and long-term efficiency and productivity of these production systems and to food security, conserving and restoring biodiversity and maintaining nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services . | High |
GBF-T11. Nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhanced GBF-T11. Nature’s contributions to people are restored, maintained and enhancedRestore, maintain and enhance nature’s contributions to people, including ecosystem functions and services, such as regulation of air, water, and climate, soil health, pollination and reduction of disease risk, as well as protection from natural hazards and disasters, through nature-based solutions and/or ecosystem-based approaches for the benefit of all people and nature. | Medium |
GBF-T16. Sustainable consumption choices are enabled, and food waste reduced by half GBF-T16. Sustainable consumption choices are enabled, and food waste reduced by halfEnsure that people are encouraged and enabled to make sustainable consumption choices including by establishing supportive policy, legislative or regulatory frameworks, improving education and access to relevant and accurate information and alternatives, and by 2030, reduce the global footprint of consumption in an equitable manner, including through halving global food waste, significantly reducing overconsumption and substantially reducing waste generation, in order for all people to live well in harmony with Mother Earth. | Medium |
GBF-T17. Strengthen biosafety and distribute benefits of biotechnology GBF-T17. Strengthen biosafety and distribute benefits of biotechnologyEstablish, strengthen capacity for, and implement in all countries biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention on Biological Diversity and measures for the handling of biotechnology and distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19 of the Convention. | Medium |
GBF-T19. Financial resources increased to $200 billion per year, including $ 30 billion through international finance GBF-T19. Financial resources increased to $200 billion per year, including $ 30 billion through international financeSubstantially and progressively increase the level of financial resources from all sources, in an effective, timely and easily accessible manner, including domestic, international, public and private resources, in accordance with Article 20 of the Convention, to implement national biodiversity strategies and action plans, by 2030 mobilizing at least 200 billion United States dollars per year, including by:
(a) Increasing total biodiversity related international financial resources from developed countries, including official development assistance, and from countries that voluntarily assume obligations of developed country Parties, to developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as countries with economies in transition, to at least US$ 20 billion per year by 2025, and to at least US$ 30 billion per year by 2030;
(b) Significantly increasing domestic resource mobilization, facilitated by the preparation and implementation of national biodiversity finance plans or similar instruments according to national needs, priorities and circumstances;
(c) Leveraging private finance, promoting blended finance, implementing strategies for raising new and additional resources, and encouraging the private sector to invest in biodiversity, including through impact funds and other instruments;
(d) Stimulating innovative schemes such as payment for ecosystem services, green bonds, biodiversity offsets and credits, benefit-sharing mechanisms, with environmental and social safeguards;
(e) Optimizing co-benefits and synergies of finance targeting the biodiversity and climate crises;
(f) Enhancing the role of collective actions, including by indigenous peoples and local communities, Mother Earth centric actions[1] and non-market-based approaches including community based natural resource management and civil society cooperation and solidarity aimed at the conservation of biodiversity;
(g) Enhancing the effectiveness, efficiency and transparency of resource provision and use.
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[1] Mother Earth-centric actions: Ecocentric and rights-based approach enabling the implementation of actions towards harmonic and complementary relationships between peoples and nature, promoting the continuity of all living beings and their communities and ensuring the non-commodification of environmental functions of Mother Earth. | Medium |
GBF-T20. Capacity-building and development, technology transfer, and technical and scientific cooperation for implementation is strengthened GBF-T20. Capacity-building and development, technology transfer, and technical and scientific cooperation for implementation is strengthenedStrengthen capacity-building and development, access to and transfer of technology, and promote development of and access to innovation and technical and scientific cooperation, including through South-South, North-South and triangular cooperation, to meet the needs for effective implementation, particularly in developing countries, fostering joint technology development and joint scientific research programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and strengthening scientific research and monitoring capacities, commensurate with the ambition of the goals and targets of the framework. | Medium |
GBF-T21. Data, information and knowledge for decision-making is available GBF-T21. Data, information and knowledge for decision-making is availableEnsure that the best available data, information and knowledge, are accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public to guide effective and equitable governance, integrated and participatory management of biodiversity, and to strengthen communication, awareness-raising, education, monitoring, research and knowledge management and, also in this context, traditional knowledge, innovations, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities should only be accessed with their free, prior and informed consent[1], in accordance with national legislation.
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[1] Free, prior and informed consent refers to the tripartite terminology of “prior and informed consent” or “free, prior and informed consent” or “approval and involvement”. | Low |
GBF-T23. Implementation follows a gender-responsive approach GBF-T23. Implementation follows a gender-responsive approachEnsure gender equality in the implementation of the framework through a gender-responsive approach where all women and girls have equal opportunity and capacity to contribute to the three objectives of the Convention, including by recognizing their equal rights and access to land and natural resources and their full, equitable, meaningful and informed participation and leadership at all levels of action, engagement, policy and decision-making related to biodiversity. | Medium |
Pour atteindre l'objectif de promouvoir des pratiques respectueuses de la biodiversité dans les systèmes de production alimentaire au Maroc d'ici 2035, il est crucial de mobiliser des financements nationaux et internationaux, incluant subventions et mécanismes innovants comme les obligations vertes. L'intégration des approches "One Health" qui lient la santé humaine, animale et environnementale est essentielle. La collaboration entre toutes les parties prenantes – gouvernements, société civile, secteur privé et communautés locales – doit être renforcée.
Les politiques nationales doivent être alignées avec les objectifs internationaux de biodiversité, en respectant les savoirs traditionnels et impliquant activement les peuples autochtones et les communautés locales. La coopération régionale et internationale est nécessaire pour partager des connaissances et des bonnes pratiques.
Il est également essentiel de reconnaître la diversité des systèmes de valeurs et d'adopter une approche écosystémique. L'éducation à la biodiversité doit être intégrée à tous les niveaux pour sensibiliser et renforcer les capacités de gestion durable. Enfin, toutes les actions doivent viser une utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et une répartition équitable des avantages.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est essentiel d'adopter rapidement des pratiques durables telles que l'agriculture biologique et la gestion forestière durable, de maintenir et restaurer les services écosystémiques en utilisant des solutions fondées sur la nature, et de valoriser les services fournis par les écosystèmes agricoles et aquatiques pour assurer une production alimentaire durable tout en préservant la biodiversité. Ces actions contribuent à la réalisation de l'objectif de 2035 en alignant les efforts sur la cible 10, renforçant ainsi la durabilité des systèmes de production alimentaire et la conservation des services écosystémiques essentiels.
La cible 8 met l'accent sur l'atténuation des effets des changements climatiques. L'objectif tel qu’il est reformulé s'aligne fortement avec cette cible. En adoptant des pratiques respectueuses de la biodiversité, telles que l'agroécologie et la gestion durable des pêches, nous pouvons atténuer les effets des changements climatiques et renforcer la résilience des écosystèmes.
Ainsi, cet objectif contribue à la réalisation de la cible 8 en promouvant des solutions fondées sur la nature, réduisant les risques de catastrophes naturelles, et améliorant la capacité des écosystèmes à s'adapter aux changements climatiques.
Moyens de mise en œuvre disponibles :
- Plan national de semis direct dont l’objectif est d’atteindre 1 million d’ha d’ici 2030 ;
- Agriculture de précision et irrigation de complément ;
- Certification forestière ;
- Agroforesterie ;
- Utiliser l’énergie durable en agriculture ;
- SFN ;
- Agriculture biologique.