The Programme on Biological Diversity for the years 2026-2030 has been approved by the G.D. Nr 403/2026.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           The Programme  is developed with a view to implementing the Environmental Strategy for the years 2024-2030, approved by Government Decision No. 409/2024, and contributes to the achievement of General Objective 5 "Protecting, restoring and promoting the sustainable use of biodiversity and natural ecosystems". The Programme is developed in accordance with the national policy framework on economic development and environmental protection, being aligned with the strategic directions established by the main national planning documents and sectoral policies related to environmental protection, agriculture, forestry, climate change, regional development and green economy, ensuring coherence between national priorities and international commitments in nature conservation. The Program implements the obligations assumed by the Republic of Moldova under the Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), as well as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KGBKM), adopted at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15), thus contributing to the achievement of the four global goals and 23 targets set for 2030. In the context of the process of accession to the European Union, this Programme supports the alignment of national environmental and biodiversity policies with the European Union acquis, including the requirements of Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) and Directive 2009/147/EC on the  conservation of wild birds (Birds Directive), in particular by linking it to the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 20309, which sets targets to expand the network of protected areas, restore ecosystems, improve governance and the knowledge base, strengthen financing and investment for natural resources, putting biological diversity and environmental health at the centre of policy agendas. This programme is drawn up by the Ministry of the Environment, with the support of the Public Institution “National Environmental Projects Implementation Office” (P.I. NOEPI), in collaboration with research institutions and environmental civil society organisations. The drafting process was participatory in the spirit of General Objective 7 “Ensure efficient, inclusive and transparent governance” of the National Development Strategy “European Moldova 2030”. This Programme shall be implemented in the period 2026-2030, contributing to the achievement of the 2030 national targets and alignment with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Somalia NBSAP 2026–2030 Somalia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026–2030 provides the national framework for conserving and restoring biodiversity, promoting sustainable use, and implementing the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. It sets 5 strategic objectives and 20 national targets , with priorities including ecosystem restoration, protected and conserved areas, species conservation, biodiversity mainstreaming, community participation, knowledge systems and biodiversity finance.

The Strategy for the Conservation of Biological Diversity of Ukraine for 2035 sets the framework for developing and implementing Ukraine’s policy on biodiversity conservation, restoration and sustainable use. It takes into account the Convention on Biological Diversity , ratified by the Law of Ukraine No. 257/94-ВР of 29 November 1994 ( https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/257/94-%D0%B2%D1%80 ), and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted by Decision 15/4 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on 19 December 2022, as the strategic plan for implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Protocols for 2022–2030. The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework sets out four global conceptual goals for 2050 and 23 action-oriented global targets to drive urgent action. Progress towards these 23 targets is expected to provide the basis for achieving the global conceptual goals by 2050. Implementation of this Strategy will contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 , established by Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 722 of 30 September 2019 “On the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the Period up to 2030”. The Strategy is aligned with Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds ( https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_001-09#n9 ); Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ( https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/987_004-92#n10 ); Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration and amending Regulation (EU) 2022/869; and European Commission Communication COM(2020) 380 final of 20 May 2020 to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, “EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. Bringing nature back into our lives” .

La SPANB 2026-2030 est la déclinaison nationale du Cadre mondial de la biodiversité de Kunming-Montréal. Elle s'articule autour de 5 buts stratégiques (A à E) et 20 objectifs nationaux alignés sur les 23 cibles mondiales, avec un plan d'action chiffré et un dispositif de suivi-évaluation piloté par la DGEF.

The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026–2030 provides the national framework for conserving, sustainably using, and restoring the FSM’s biodiversity and natural resources while supporting the well-being, livelihoods, culture, and long-term resilience of its people. The NBSAP recognizes the FSM’s exceptional marine, freshwater, and terrestrial biodiversity and the important role that healthy ecosystems play in sustaining communities, food security, cultural practices, livelihoods, and economic development. It provides a coordinated framework for national and State governments, communities, traditional resource owners, civil society, the private sector, academic and research institutions, and development partners to work together toward shared biodiversity outcomes. The NBSAP is guided by a community-based approach, ecological integrity, sovereign rights over biological diversity, and the recognition and use of traditional knowledge and practices. Climate change, gender equality, and the meaningful participation of communities and stakeholders are integrated as cross-cutting considerations throughout the Strategy. The NBSAP sets out national biodiversity priorities, targets, objectives, and actions addressing the conservation and sustainable management of ecosystems and species, the sustainable use of genetic resources, agrobiodiversity, sustainable development, biosecurity, waste management, institutional and human capacity, biodiversity mainstreaming, resource ownership and participation, and biodiversity financing. It also strengthens linkages between biodiversity conservation and broader national development priorities. Implementation of the NBSAP will be supported through coordination between the National Government and the four FSM States—Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap—along with communities, traditional leaders and resource owners, non-governmental organizations, development partners, the private sector, and other stakeholders. The State Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (BSAPs) provide an important foundation for translating national biodiversity priorities into State and community-level actions. The NBSAP also strengthens the focus on implementation, monitoring, reporting, capacity development, resource mobilization, and sustainable financing. It is intended to guide investment and coordination for biodiversity through 2030 and to support FSM’s implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its national commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Overall, the FSM NBSAP 2026–2030 serves as a national roadmap for maintaining and restoring biodiversity, promoting sustainable and equitable use of natural resources, strengthening community and institutional capacity, and ensuring that biodiversity remains an integral part of FSM’s sustainable development and future resilience.

Biodiversity is fundamental to the sociocultural and economic development of Zimbabwe. Nearly 70% Of Zimbabwe's population directly depends on biodiversity for their livelihoods. As such, biodiversity underpins the country's food and water security, climate resilience, and sustainable development. However, biodiversity is deteriorating globally at unprecedented rates, and Zimbabwe is no exception. The major drivers of biodiversity loss in Zimbabwe include land use change, habitat degradation, pollution, invasive alien species, human-wildlife conflict, overexploitation Of natural resources, and climate change. These pressures threaten ecosystem services and human well-being. Zimbabwe is a Party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a globally binding treaty for the conservation and sustainable use Of biodiversity. The CBD has three main objectives: 1. Conservation of biological diversity, 2. Sustainable use Of its components, and 3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. To meet its commitments under the CBD, Zimbabwe is required to prepare, implement, and periodically update its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action plan (NBSAP), aligned with broader national development planning. In December 2022, at the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15), Parties to the CBD adopted the Kunming—Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), a transformative roadmap to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. The KM-GBF emphasizes rights-based approaches, inclusive governance, financing, and strengthened participation Of Indigenous peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs). In response, Zimbabwe, through the Ministry of Environment, Climate and Wildlife (MECW), led a broad mufti-stakeholder process between July 2024 and June 2025 to revise and align its national biodiversity strategy. The resulting Third NBSAP (2025—2030) is a strategic roadmap for action, fully aligned with the KM-GBF and Zimbabwe's national priorities. It sets out a bold and inclusive agenda to halt and reverse biodiversity loss, and to ensure that biodiversity contributes to the well-being Of present and future generations. Goal and Strategic Objectives The goal of the Third NBSAP is to: "Halt and Reverse Biodiversity Loss by Conserving and Sustainably using Biodiversity and by Ensuring the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the use of Geneäc Resources It is structured around three strategic objectives, supported by 23 action-oriented targets: 2. 3. Reduce threats to biodiversity; Ensure sustainable use of, and fair and equitable benefit-sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources, with the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs); Strengthen the tools and enhance solutions for implementation and mainstreaming of the third NBSAP incorporating traditional knowledge, innovations, practices, and priorities of IPLCs in policy planning and implementation. Each strategic objective is accompanied by specific targets, actions, and indicators for measuring progress. These targets cover key areas such as management protected areas, species conservation, sustainable resource use, pollution reduction, climate resilience, access and benefit-sharing (ABS), capacity-building, gender equity, and green financing. Implementation: Whole-of-Government and Whole-of-Society (WoG-WoS) Approach The Third NBSAP will be implemented through a Whole-of-Government and Whole-of-Society (WOG- WOS) approach, ensuring coordination and collaboration across all levels Of government and sectors Of society. This inclusive approach emphasizes the active participation of national and subnational institutions, civil society, the private sector, academia, media, and IPLCS, including women and youth. Implementation will be driven by a multi-level governance framework, integrating national leadership with bottom-up participatory planning: • At community level, Village Assemblies and Village Development Committees (VIDCOS) will lead local planning and biodiversity stewardship initiatives. • At ward level, Ward Development Committees (WADCOs) will align local actions with national biodiversity priorities. At district level, Rural and Urban District Councils and their Environment Committees will integrate NBSAP into local plans, ensure regulatory compliance, and support local capacity. At provincial level, Provincial Councils will align district initiatives with national objectives and facilitate multi-stakeholder engagement. • At national level, the MECW will lead policy coordination, while the Biodiversity Office will serve as the National Secretariat for NBSAP implementation, supported by the National Biodiversity Forum (NBF), a multi-stakeholder biodiversity platform (MSBP), which will act as the NBSAP Steering Committee. High-level oversight will be provided by: • The Presidency, offering political leadership and mainstreaming biodiversity into national priorities; • The Cabinet, ensuring cross-sectoral coherence; • Parliament, providing legislative oversight and approving biodiversity budgets. This integrated framework will ensure inclusive, accountable, and results-oriented governance for NBSAP implementation. Financing the Third NBSAP TO realize the ambitious targets Of the Third NBSAP (2025—2030), Zimbabwe has developed a comprehensive Finance Plan with a total budget of USD 1.51 billion over six years. The financing strategy is anchored on five interlinked pillars: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Domestic Public Finance (national budgets, levies, subsidy reform), International Finance (GEF, GCF, bilateral donors etc), Private Sector Investment (offsets, CSR, green bonds), Market-Based Mechanisms (PES, carbon markets, biotrade), Innovative Finance (debt-for-nature swaps, diaspora green bonds, digital crowdfunding). 2 Budget by Strategic Objective: The total budget of USD 1.51 billion will be strategically allocated across the three core objectives of the Third NBSAP (2025-2030). The finance plan aims to mobilise at least USD 300 million per year by 2030, diversify funding sources, and mainstream biodiversity into budgeting and investment decisions. Implementation will be led by MECW and the Ministry of Finance, Economic Development and Investment Promotion (MFEDIP), with oversight from Cabinet and the Parliament's portfolio Committee on Environment, Climate and Wildlife. Complementary enabling measures include capacity-building, fiscal reforms, biodiversity expenditure reviews, and support for IPLC-led resource governance. Risk mitigation strategies address fragmented financing, low absorptive capacity, and donor dependency, while promoting transparency and accountability through robust monitoring, evaluation, and learning systems aligned with KM-GBF reporting. Conclusion The Third NBSAP (2025—2030) represents a landmark commitment by Zimbabwe to reverse biodiversity loss and transform nature conservation into a driver of inclusive and sustainable development. Anchored in global best practices, guided by the KM-GBF, and underpinned by strong national leadership, participatory governance, and a robust financing framework, this strategy provides a clear and actionable path toward a nature-positive Zimbabwe, where biodiversity thrives, ecosystems flourish, and all people benefit equitably.

The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2026-2036 provides Botswana’s strategic framework for conserving, sustainably using and equitably managing biodiversity over the next decade. It responds to national biodiversity priorities, emerging environmental pressures and Botswana’s obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Strategy further aligns national action with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), which calls for urgent and transformative action to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. Botswana’s biodiversity is a vital national asset and a foundation for sustainable development. It supports ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being, economic growth, climate resilience and national prosperity. The country’s ecosystems provide grazing resources, water regulation, carbon storage, wildlife habitat, tourism opportunities, food resources, cultural values and livelihoods for many communities. Biodiversity also contributes significantly to key sectors of the economy, including tourism, agriculture, livestock production, fisheries, forestry and natural resource-based enterprises. Despite this importance, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation remain major national concerns. Key drivers include land degradation, habitat fragmentation, unsustainable resource use, climate change, pollution, invasive alien species, human-wildlife conflict, wildfires and increasing pressure from competing land uses. These challenges affect ecosystem health, species survival, community livelihoods and the long-term resilience of Botswana’s natural resource base. The NBSAP therefore provides a coordinated national response to strengthen conservation action, restore degraded ecosystems, promote sustainable use and ensure that biodiversity contributes meaningfully to national development. The Strategy was developed through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, recognizing that biodiversity conservation is a shared responsibility across ministries, departments, local authorities, parastatals, civil society, communities, academia and the private sector. Stakeholder consultations were undertaken across Botswana, including Central, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Southern, South East, North West, North East and Chobe Districts, followed by validation workshops with representatives from Government institutions, NGOs, CBOs, farmers’ associations, Village Development Committees and Traditional Leaders. This participatory process ensured that the Strategy reflects national priorities, local realities and the needs of communities that directly depend on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Mongolia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026–2030 provides the national policy framework for the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity and for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The NBSAP is aligned with Mongolia’s long- and medium-term development policies and contains 20 national targets and 108 actions to be implemented by 2030. The NBSAP addresses key priorities including ecosystem conservation and restoration, protected areas and ecological connectivity, conservation of threatened species, sustainable use of natural resources, reduction of pressures on biodiversity, and the integration of biodiversity considerations into sectors such as agriculture, mining, infrastructure, tourism and urban development. It also strengthens biodiversity financing, monitoring and reporting, institutional coordination, stakeholder participation and the integration of gender considerations. Implementation is based on a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, with responsibilities extending across national and local government institutions and relevant sectors. The NBSAP will guide national action and investment towards achieving Mongolia’s biodiversity priorities and contributing to the goals and targets of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026-2030 is developed based on lessons learned from NBSAP 2015-2020. It aligns national ambition with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted at COP15, translating its four goals and 23 targets into 14 National Targets that address spatial planning, protected areas and OECMs, endangered species recovery, invasive species control, pollution reduction, sustainable use, restoration, biosafety, inclusive governance, and biodiversity finance. By design, the NBSAP advances a whole-of-government and whole-of-society agenda, strengthens access to international financing, and focuses delivery on island priorities such as coastal and marine conservation, sustainable agriculture and fisheries, climate resilience, and community stewardship through 2030. NBSAP Vision: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines live well in harmony with nature as a climate-resilient archipelago where connected, effectively managed protected and conserved areas, restored ecosystems, and sustainable land- and seascapes along with resilient communities halt and reverse biodiversity loss, secure food, water and livelihoods, ensure climate adaptation, facilitate sustainable economic growth, and fully contribute to achieving the Kunming–Montreal GBF Goals A, B, C, and D at the national level. NBSAP Objective: By 2030, achieve all 14 National Targets as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines’ fair-share contribution to the Kunming–Montreal GBF Targets, through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach National Targets : NBSAP 2026-2030 have 14 National Targets identified and formulated through participatory stakeholder consultation process in March-September 2025: Target 1. Spatial Planning : By 2028, establish an integrated national spatial planning framework that includes all ecologically significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems and ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, flood protection, soil fertility), incorporating key biodiversity areas and climate resilience strategies into national land use and marine planning; Target 2. Integrating Biodiversity into Economic Sectors: By 2029, integrate biodiversity considerations into national economic policies, ensuring that all key industries (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) adopt nature-positive practices; Target 3. Endangered Species: By 2030, prevent extinction and improve conservation status of key nationally threatened species through habitat protection, species recovery programs, and stronger anti-poaching enforcement; Target 4. Deforestation: By 2030, reduce the national deforestation rate by at least 50% and restore connectivity between fragmented forests; Target 5. Protected Areas Expansion: By 2030, legally protect at least 30% of terrestrial (including 100% of elfin woodlands) and 5% of marine areas, with Protected Areas and OECMs Target 6. Invasive Species Control: By 2030, contain the most dangerous invasive alien species and establish effective biosecurity measures to prevent new introductions; Target 7. Pollution Reduction (Agrochemicals and Waste): By 2030, reduce nutrient, chemical and plastic pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems by 50%; Target 8. Sustainable Fisheries & Wildlife Use: By 2030, bring all wild harvesting (fisheries, hunting) to sustainable levels and eliminate illegal exploitation; Target 9. Habitat Restoration and Climate Resilience: By 2030, restore at least 30% of degraded ecosystems nationwide (with key focus on rainforest, mangroves, littoral woodlands, beaches, coral reefs, and seagrass meadows) prioritizing climate vulnerable habitats; Target 10. Sustainable Tourism: By 2026, implement national eco-friendly tourism standards and by 2030 ensure all major tourism sites operate within ecological carrying capacity; Target 11. Sand Mining and Coastal Erosion: By 2027, stop illegal sand mining in all ecologically sensitive and adaptation value areas, including sea turtle nesting sites; Target 12. Increasing Biodiversity Finance & Reducing Harmful Subsidies: By 2030, mobilize at least US$70 million in biodiversity financing from national, regional, and international sources, and phase out at least 50% of subsidies that harm biodiversity; Target 13. Biosafety: By 2030, establish and fully implement a comprehensive national biosafety framework that effectively manages risks associated with living modified organisms (LMOs), biotechnology products, and genetic resources; and Target 14. Gender Equality and Community Participation: By 2027, ensure full participation of women, youth, and local communities in biodiversity decision-making, conservation, and sustainable use, with representation via whole-of-government approach. Structure of the NBSAP: The NBSAP 2026–2030 is structured into several interconnected components designed for effective implementation and coordination: Action Plan (2026–2030): A costed, time-bound Action Plan operationalizes the 14 National Targets through prioritized and sequenced activities with clear ownership. For each target, specific activities are defined, each with a lead agency and partners, geographic scope, alignment to relevant GBF Targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), expected outputs, indicative budgets and financing sources, and risk considerations. This ensures that the strategy is concrete and implementable. The Action Plan emphasizes “no-regrets” measures and scalable pilot projects while identifying enabling policy and capacity actions for long-term sustainability. Whole-of-Government & Whole-of-Society Framework: The NBSAP is implemented via a tiered governance model that mobilizes all levels of government and society. Pillar 1 is a High-Level NBSAP Steering Committee that sets strategic direction and secures resources; Pillar 2 establishes Biodiversity Focal Points in all relevant ministries to mainstream biodiversity into sector plans and budgets; and Pillar 3 fosters civil society and private sector co-management and co-financing for biodiversity initiatives. Through this framework, central ministries, local authorities, communities, resource-user groups, NGOs, academia, and the private sector are all engaged as partners. This whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach ensures biodiversity is embedded in national governance, sectoral policies, and community actions, reinforcing that biodiversity conservation underpins sustainable development and climate resilience goals. Monitoring Plan: A robust Monitoring Plan underpins NBSAP delivery. The plan compiles for each National Target the baseline values, target values, GBF headline and complimentary indicators, means of verification, and responsible agency. This allows transparent tracking of NBSAP progress toward 2030. Policy Coherence Plan: To reduce implementation barriers, the NBSAP includes a Policy Coherence Plan that coordinates necessary policy, legislative, and institutional reforms across sectors. Biodiversity considerations will be mainstreamed into spatial planning laws, agriculture and fisheries regulations, tourism and infrastructure permitting, pollution control standards, biosafety frameworks, and public finance mechanisms (e.g., green budgeting and subsidy reform). This ensures the enabling environment (policies, laws, incentives) is aligned with NBSAP objectives, so that sectoral activities and investments directly support achieving the National Targets by 2030. Opportunistic Implementation Approach: A key element of the NBSAP’s implementation strategy is flexibility and opportunism in securing funding and partnerships. Recognizing limited domestic fiscal space, the NBSAP is designed so that each activity can be implemented as a stand-alone “investable” project if an opportunity arises. Dependencies between actions are minimized, meaning even if one project is delayed, others can proceed independently. This modular design allows SVG to rapidly take advantage of international funding streams, technical assistance, or private investment whenever they become available. As a result, the NBSAP serves as a ready-made portfolio of projects for donors and partners to support, aligning national conservation needs with international sustainable development and climate finance priorities. Priority for delivering the National Targets should be placed on National Target 12 , National Target 1 , National Target 2 , and on policy and legislation measures embedded across the Targets. National Target 12, focused on resource mobilization and partnerships, acts as the “fuel” for implementation by catalyzing financing, reducing transaction costs, and creating predictable support for field activities under other Targets; it should therefore be initiated as the highest priority . National Targets 1 (spatial plans) and 2 (biodiversity-inclusive policies) provide core foundations for safeguarding key biodiversity assets and reducing immediate pressures on biodiversity, delivering early wins that build momentum and confidence among partners and investors. Budget and Resource Mobilization: The total five-year budget to implement the NBSAP (2026–2030) is estimated at US$ 69,080,000 – 87,710,000 . This investment will be sourced through a combination of domestic budget allocations and, significantly, new external funding mobilized via the Biodiversity Finance Plan (Target 12). Notably, the NBSAP financing strategy emphasizes attracting international grants, loans, and private sector funds to avoid placing undue burden on SVG’s public finances. Potential sources include global environmental funds (GEF, GBFF, GCF), climate finance facilities, multilateral development banks, and innovative mechanisms like conservation trust funds or debt-for-nature swaps. By positioning biodiversity projects as opportunities for sustainable development (e.g., eco-tourism, climate resilience, green agriculture), the plan aims to tap into a wider pool of financing. Additionally, domestic resource allocation will be improved through measures such as integrating biodiversity into annual budget planning. Job Creation and Economic Benefits : Implementing the NBSAP will not only protect nature but also deliver socio-economic co-benefits. Green and Blue economy employment will expand significantly. It is estimated that NBSAP execution will create between 241-351 permanent jobs and 1,057-1,455 temporary jobs in SVG by 2030. Permanent jobs will largely be in areas like park management, forestry and fisheries officers, biodiversity planners, environmental educators, and other roles that can be sustained through institutional mandates or revenue (e.g., user fees, conservation funds) beyond 2030. Temporary jobs will include consultants, construction workers for green infrastructure, community mobilizers, researchers and field technicians, nursery workers for reforestation, etc., often tied to specific projects or campaigns. These employment opportunities underscore how biodiversity action contributes to inclusive growth: many jobs will directly engage rural communities and youth in conservation (for example, community wardens, invasive species removal teams, eco-tourism guides, sustainable farmers/fishers supported through incentives). The overall economic stimulus from the NBSAP (in jobs, training, and capital projects) supports a just transition to sustainability, aligning environmental objectives with livelihood improvement. Alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework :  The NBSAP 2026–2030 is explicitly framed as the country’s vehicle for implementing GBF and directly contributes to GBF Target 1 – Spatial planning, GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems & connectivity, GBF Target 3 – Conserve 30% of ecosystems, GBF Target 4 – Halt extinction & recover species, GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, legal use/trade of wildlife, GBF Target 6 – Invasive alien species, GBF Target 7 – Reduce pollution, GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience, GBF Target 10 – Sustainable agriculture/aquaculture/forestry/fisheries, GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions, GBF Target 12 - Urban Nature, GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies, GBF Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts, GBF Target 16 – Sustainable consumption & waste, GBF Target 17 – Biosafety & benefits of biotechnology, GBF Target 18 – Reform harmful incentives, GBF Target 19 – Mobilize biodiversity finance, GBF Target 22 – Inclusive, rights‑based participation, and GBF Target 23 – Gender equality. NBSAP Theory of Change: Summary of National Targets, Indicators, Budgets & Job Estimates Target # Target Statement Indicators Baseline Target Indicator Value Estimated Budget (USD) New Jobs Estimates 1 Spatial Planning : By 2028, establish an integrated national spatial planning framework that includes all ecologically significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems and ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, flood protection, soil fertility), incorporating key biodiversity areas and climate resilience strategies into national land-use and marine planning. GBF Target 1 – Spatial planning; GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions; and GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience GBF Headline Indicator 1.1 Percentage of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans: % of national territory covered with biodiversity-inclusive and climate-resilient spatial plans approved by Government: % of national marine area covered with biodiversity-inclusive and climate-resilient spatial plans approved by Government: 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% 1,450,000 – 1,900,000 6-9 permanent 10-26 temporary 2 Integrating Biodiversity into Economic Sectors: By 2029, integrate biodiversity considerations into national economic policies, ensuring that all key industries (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) adopt nature-positive practices. GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies ; GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature; GBF Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts; and GBF Target 10 – Sustainable agriculture/aquaculture/forestry/fisheries GBF Headline Indicator 15.1 Number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity: % economic sectors (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) that have biodiversity conservation integrated into sectoral policies, plans, and practice 0 33% (forestry and fishery) >5 100% 2,250,000 – 2,800,000 17-21 permanent 38-50 temporary 3 Endangered Species: By 2030, prevent extinction and improve conservation status of key nationally threatened species through habitat protection, species recovery programs, and stronger anti-poaching enforcement. GBF Target 4 – Halt extinction & recover species ; and GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, legal use/trade of wildlife GBF Headline Indicator A.3 Red List Index: Populations of key nationally threatened species: 0.74 (2024) [1] Saint Vincent Parrot : baseline TBE in 2026 Union Island Ge cko: baseline TBE in 2026 Hawksbill Turtle : baseline TBE in 2026 Leatherback Turtle: baseline TBE [2] in 2026 Grenadines Pink Rhino Iguana : baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Black Snake : baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Whistling Frog : baseline TBE in 2026 Whistling Warbler: baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Wren: baseline TBE in 2026 Acroporid corals: baseline TBE in 2026 Parrotfish (Scaridae): baseline TBE in 2026 Queen Conch : baseline TBE in 2026 >=0.76 No population decline from baseline by 2030 3,130,000 – 3,730,000 10 – 18 permanent 55 – 87 temporary 4 Deforestation: By 2030, reduce the national deforestation rate by at least 50% and restore connectivity between fragmented forests. GBF Target 10 – Sustainable forestry; GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems & connectivity; Target 1 – Spatial planning; and GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature GBF Headline Indicator 10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management, based on the following sub-indicators: Annual forest area change rate (% per year): Above-ground biomass in forest (tones per hectare): Proportion of forest area within legally protected areas (%): Proportion of forest area under a long-term forest management plan (%): Forest area under an independently verified certification scheme (’000 hectares): -0.2% 219.1 [3] 46% [4] 15.9% [5] 0 ≥ +0.05% net gain ≥ 223 t/ha ≥ 50% ≥ 30% ≥ 0.2 9,300,000 –10,280,000 11–20 permanent 140 – 209 temporary Annual deforestation rate measured for last 5 years, ha/year Forest Landscape Integrity Index [6] 21.2 (2019-2023, GFW) 69.9 (2024) <=10.6 ha/year >=75.0 5 Protected Areas Expansion: By 2030, legally protect at least 30% of terrestrial (including 100% of elfin woodlands) and 5% of marine areas, with Protected Areas and OECMs. GBF Target 3 – Conserve 30% of ecosystems (PAs & OECMs) GBF Headline Indicator 3.1 Coverage of protected areas and OECMs (terrestrial & marine): % of terrestrial area under legal protection: % of marine area under legal protection: 22.6% (2024) 0.22% 30% 5% 8,100,000 – 9,700,000 22–42 permanent 75–105 seasonal/ temporary 6 Invasive Species Control: By 2030, contain the most dangerous invasive alien species and establish effective biosecurity measures to prevent new introductions GBF Target 6 – Invasive alien species GBF Headline Indicator 6.1 Rate of invasive alien species (IAS/year) establishment in SVG during last 10 years: Population density of key IAS, ind./ha: ≈0.45 IAS/year [7] Lionfish: baseline TBE in 2026; Mongoose: baseline TBE in 2026; Giant African Snail : baseline TBE in 2026; Cuban Tree Frog : baseline TBE in 2026; Lemongrass: baseline TBE in 2026, West Indian Fruit Fly: baseline TBE in 2026; Banana Black Sigatoka: baseline TBE in 2026; Banana Moko Disease : baseline TBE in 2026 Halophila stipulacea: baseline TBE in 2026 Xeniidae soft corals: baseline TBE in 2026 0.2 IAS/year >=30-50% reduction in key IAS population density 8,850,000-11,100,000 24-32 permanent jobs 191 – 255 temporary jobs 7 Pollution Reduction (Agrochemicals and Waste): By 2030, reduce nutrient, chemical and plastic pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems by 50%. GBF Target 7 – Reduce pollution GBF Headline Indicator 7.1 Index of Coastal Eutrophication Potential (nutrients): GBF Headline Indicator 7.2 Aggregated Total Applied Toxicity (pesticides): GBF Headline Indicator 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture: Concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and pesticide residues (µg/L) in freshwater streams and coastal marine areas: Number (or weight) of plastic items per meter (or km) of shoreline: baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 50% reduction 50% reduction >=30% of agricultural area 50% reduction in concentration 50% reduction number (weight) 5,700,000 – 7,850,000 32–43 permanent 92–127 temporary 8 Sustainable Fisheries & Wildlife Use: By 2030, bring all wild harvesting (fisheries, hunting) to sustainable levels and eliminate illegal exploitation. GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, safe, legal use/trade of biodiversity; and GBF Target 10 – Sustainable fisheries & aquaculture % of fisheries harvested at sustainable levels ( GBF Headline Indicator 5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels): Number of IUU cases per year: Number of illegal hunting/ harvesting cases per year: 0% baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 100% Decreased by 70% Decreased by 70% 5,800,000 – 7,700,000 13–18 permanent 69–89 temporary 9 Habitat Restoration and Climate Resilience: By 2030, restore at least 30% of degraded ecosystems nationwide (with key focus on rainforest, mangroves, littoral woodlands, beaches, coral reefs, and seagrass meadows) prioritizing climate-vulnerable habitats. GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems& connectivity; GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience; and GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions Area of degraded habitat restored for the ecosystems ( GBF Headline Indicator 2.1 Area under restoration (all ecosystems)): Rainforest: Elfin Woodlands: Littoral Woodlands: Mangroves: Dry Scrub Woodlands: Coral Reefs: Seagrass Beds: Sandy Beaches: Freshwater ecosystems: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 150 30 15 300 1,000 [8] 250 10 50 7,400,000 – 9,500,000 198-227 temporary 10 Sustainable Tourism: By 2026, implement national eco-friendly tourism standards and by 2030 ensure all major tourism sites operate within ecological carrying capacity. GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies ; GB F Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts ; GBF Target 16 – Sustainable consumption & waste; and GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature - % of tourism operators certified under eco-friendly tourist standards - % of tourism sites operating withing ecological carrying capacity 0% baseline TBE in 2026 >=80% (2030) 100% (2030) 5,850,000 – 8,200,000 51-73 permanent 51–86 temporary 11 Sand Mining and Coastal Erosion: By 2027, stop illegal sand mining in all ecologically sensitive and adaptation value areas, including sea turtle nesting sites. GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions (risk reduction) ; GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience ; and GBF Target 3 – Area‑based conservation Presence of full ban on sand mining on beaches Number of sand mining violations per year Absent baseline TBE in 2026 Present (2027) 0 violations (2030) 2,450,000 – 3,200,000 25–36 permanent 76–97 temporary 12 Increasing Biodiversity Finance & Reducing Harmful Subsidies: By 2030, mobilize at least US $70 million in biodiversity financing from national, regional, and international sources, and phase out at least 50% of subsidies that harm biodiversity. GBF Target 19 – Mobilize $200B/yr biodiversity finance ; and GBF Target 18 – Reform harmful incentives ($500B/yr) Total biodiversity funding mobilized in 2026-2030, US$: GBF Headline Indicator 18.2. Value of subsidies and other incentives harmful to biodiversity that have been eliminated, phased out or reformed [9] , US$: GBF Headline Indicator D.1. International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: GBF Headline Indicator D.2. Domestic public funding on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: GBF Headline Indicator D.3. Private funding (domestic and international) on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: $0 $0 (2024) $3.5-5.0 mln. ~$3.3 mln. (2024) [10] <$1 mln. >=$70,000,000 >= $90-100 mln.  (>50% reduction from the 2024 value) >= $10 mln. >= $6.0 mln. >= $5 mln. 5,450,000 - 7,150,000 26 – 34 permanent 28 – 45 temporary 13 Biosafety: By 2030, establish and fully implement a comprehensive national biosafety framework that effectively manages risks associated with living modified organisms (LMOs), biotechnology products, and genetic resources. GBF Target 17 – Biosafety & benefits of biotechnology Presence of the operational National Biosafety Framework (NBF) ( GBF Binary Indicator 17.b Number of countries that have taken action to implement biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention and measures for the handling of biotechnology and the distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19): Absent Present 2,450,000 – 3,350,000 1–2 permanent 19–32 temporary 14 Gender Equality and Community Participation: By 2027, ensure full participation of women, youth, and local communities in biodiversity decision-making, conservation, and sustainable use, with representation via whole-of-government approach. GBF Target 22 – Inclusive, rights‑based participation ; and GBF Target 23 – Gender equality - % representation of women, youth, and local groups in biodiversity committees and conservation projects baseline TBE in 2026 >= 50% 900,000 – 1,250,000 3 permanent 15-20 temporary TOTAL BUDGET/JOBS: 69,080,000 – 87,710,000 241-351 permanent jobs 1,057-1,455 temporary

The Portuguese National Strategy for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity 2030 (ENCNB 2030), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No. 55/2018 , includes among its strategic options the consolidation of the Fundamental Network for Nature Conservation and the National System of Classified Areas - SNAC, approved in 2008 and republished in  2015. This system assimilates the National Network of Protected Areas - RNAP, important for the promotion and enhancement of Protected Areas. Ensuring the conservation of their natural, cultural, and social heritage of the Natura 2000 Network. Since the beginning of ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) several strategic documents with implications for nature conservation policies have been approved, issuing guidance or imposing obligations on the Portuguese National Authorities: The European Union Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, guided by objectives for the conservation and restoration of species, habitats, and ecosystems, which includes the commitment to legally protect at least 30% of land (including inland waters) and 30% of the sea within the Union, of which at least one third (representing 10% of land and 10% of EU seas) must be strictly protected; The new Nature Restoration Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1991), under which EU Member States must meet objectives for restoring at least 20% of terrestrial and marine areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. The GBF Goal is to including the conservation and effective management of at least 30% of the world’s land, coastal areas, and oceans, and the restoration of 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In 2025, in response to the need for updating, the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) was revised and published in the Council of Ministers Resolution No. 125/2026 , with the primary objective of incorporating new commitments and guidelines, in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration. The draft revision was subject to public consultation between 17 July and 9 October 2025, enabling the collection of contributions that strengthened the final version. This update aims to consolidate the Strategy as the central instrument of national public policy for nature conservation and ecological restoration. The ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) is now structured around four strategic pillars: Pillar 1: Conservation and Restoration of Ecosystems; Pillar 2: Integrated and Sustainable Land Management; Pillar 3: Economic and Social Valuation of Biodiversity and Geodiversity; Pillar 4: Governance and Knowledge. This new structure aims to overcome previously existing overlaps and clarify the distinction between instrumental dimensions (governance, knowledge and funding) and operational dimensions (on-the-ground actions and territorial management instruments). The renewed framework provides a more coherent and comprehensive approach, linking ecological interventions with spatial planning and territorial development, and recognising the role of society and the economy. Within this new model, the following stand out: The explicit integration of the concept of ecological restoration, which now occupies a central position, with specific measures, technical criteria, funding and monitoring; The incorporation of the climate dimension, reflected across objectives and measures, with emphasis on nature-based solutions, the energy transition and ecosystem resilience; The recognition of the contribution of civil society, the private sector and local communities, promoting sustainable consumption, certification, nature tourism and resource mobilisation; The introduction of previously absent or underdeveloped topics, such as human–wildlife conflict management, pollution and biodiversity, urban green spaces, biosecurity and environmental justice. Portugal is recognised for its natural wealth, both terrestrial and marine, possessing an exceptional diversity of species, habitats, ecosystems and geosites, whose relevance extends to the European and global levels. This wealth constitutes a strategic asset for sustainable development, climate resilience and the country’s international standing. Accordingly to the Council of Ministers Resolution the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF), will ensure coordination of the implementation of the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) and the members of the Government responsible for the areas of environment, agriculture, forests, sea, fisheries, energy, spatial planning, infrastructure, tourism, education, science and finance shall ensure the integration of ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) measures into their respective planning instruments and sectoral policies, participating in the implementation of measures directly related to their areas. The revision of the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) marks the transition to a more ambitious and integrated model that combines conservation, restoration, and the economic valorisation of biodiversity, positioning natural heritage as a cornerstone of sustainable development and climate resilience in Portugal.

La stratégie nationale de la biodiversité est élaborée afin de gérer de manière intégrée, durable et inclusive avec une contribution significative au développement du pays. Aussi, face à la dégradation et aux contraintes de gestion que connaît la diversité biologique nationale et sa conservation efficace, le Mali a pris des engagements autour d’une vision nationale réaliste et intégrante ainsi que des priorités claires et concises. Pour le Mali, la diversité biologique constitue un capital stratégique et fragile. Sa restauration est souvent coûteuse. La Stratégie Nationale est l’un des principaux mécanismes pour la mise en œuvre du Cadre Mondial Kunming-Montréal (GBF) de la Convention sur la diversité biologique. L’élaboration de cette nouvelle tire des leçons des générations précédentes o de la mise en œuvre des actions. Enfin, la révision de la SNPA-DB a donné l’occasion d’assurer la prise en compte des préoccupations nationales et des mesures pour la mise en œuvre en parallèle à certaines conventions sœurs. Après analyse des forces et faiblesses, cette génération intègre l’ensemble des politiques nationales concourant à la protection de diversité biologique, aux conventions sur la conservation des espèces migratrices, la conservation des espèces faisant l’objet de commerce. La sauvegarde du patrimoine doit être une préoccupation permanente et chacun des actes quotidiens posés par les citoyens devra dorénavant s’en inspirer. Pour acquérir les connaissances appropriées capables de soutenir les efforts de sa conservation et d’utilisation durable, il est recommandé, à tous les niveaux (politique, administratif, scientifique et de la société civile) de réaliser des actions concrètes et soutenues. Le Gouvernement a défini les mesures et mobiliser les moyens (humains, matériels et financiers) à mettre en œuvre pour instaurer un partenariat réel en faveur des efforts à déployer à tous les niveaux pour la conservation de la diversité biologique et l’utilisation durable des ressources. La décentralisation offre un cadre institutionnel adapté à cet effet. Dans le souci d’une pérennisation des actions programmées, il sera procédé au suivi-évaluation régulier de la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie et du Plan d 'Action. L’adoption de cette Stratégie par le Gouvernement permettra de doter le pays d’un instrument opérationnel pour mieux coordonner les activités de conservation et d’utilisation durable de la diversité biologique.

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan has approved the Concept for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity for 2026–2035 a strategic document that defines the main directions of the country's state policy on nature conservation, the restoration of key ecosystems, and the sustainable use of biological diversity. The adoption of the Concept establishes the foundation for implementing the ambitious goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework , aimed at restoring harmony between people and nature by 2050. The Concept represents a contribution to the country's sustainable future and is the result of many years of consistent efforts by the Government, the scientific and expert community, as well as international partners. The document will serve as the basis for planning and implementing comprehensive measures for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Concept defines eight key national priorities , covering the expansion of the network of protected areas, the restoration and sustainable management of forest ecosystems, the conservation of the genetic diversity of wild flora and fauna, the restoration of degraded pastures and other ecosystems, the sustainable use of natural resources, as well as the strengthening of the systems of public administration, monitoring, and environmental education. The implementation of the Concept will strengthen Kazakhstan's national biodiversity conservation system, enhance ecosystem resilience to climate change, and ensure the preservation of the country's natural heritage for future generations.

Malawi's Third National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP III) covers the period from 2025 to 2035. It lays out strategies and actions that Malawi will undertake to enhance conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for the benefit of the people, the environment and the economy. At the global level, the NBSAP III is aligned to the Kunming Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) while at national level it is in line with the principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi and Enabler 7 on Environmental Sustainability of Malawi 2063. The strategy provides an overview of Malawi’s biodiversity, highlighting its value, current status and trends across different ecosystems including their species and genetic diversity. It presents priority actions to conserve Malawi’s 69 ecosystem types, 87 protected areas, 44 key biodiversity areas, over 1500 endemic species and priority landscapes among others. Malawi’s biodiversity faces significant and interrelated challenges driven by habitat loss, land-use change, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, invasive alien species and the impacts of climate change. Rapid population growth, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and unsustainable harvesting practices continue to degrade ecosystems and fragment habitats, threatening endemic and vulnerable species. These pressures are compounded by weak enforcement, limited institutional capacity, poverty, and inadequate integration of biodiversity considerations into national development planning. To address these underlying drivers is essential to halt biodiversity loss and secure ecosystem services critical to Malawi’s sustainable development.  The NBSAP III therefore proposes ways of achieving this through: Strengthened legal and institutional frameworks and building of capacities Strong political commitment and cross-sectoral coordination Sustainable financing mechanisms (public, private, and international) Science-policy interface for evidence-based decision-making Integration of gender, youth and indigenous and local knowledge systems This NBSAP has five specific objectives and 23 targets including a set of associated actions for restoration of degraded terrestrial, wetlands and aquatic ecosystems; mainstreaming of biodiversity in national and sectoral plans; promoting biodiversity friendly enterprises and sustainable livelihoods, implementing equitable access and benefit sharing mechanisms; regulating biotechnology establishment of biodiversity data systems, monitoring frameworks and regular reporting; and enhancing community-based conservation and awareness programmes. The overall total estimated cost for implementing the NBSAP III is approximately USD 1.02 billion. The costing reveals the significant variations across the implementation of respective targets with Target 3 on protected area management and other effective based conservation accounting for the largest share exceeding USD437 million, followed by Target 5 on reducing human induced extinction and maintaining genetic diversity with an estimated cost of USD 179 million. Once successfully implemented, by 2035, it is expected that biodiversity loss will be halted and ecosystem resilience will be improved; there will be increased contribution of biodiversity to GDP and livelihoods security; communities will be empowered as custodians and beneficiaries of natural resources and there will be enhanced climate resilience through nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation among others.

12012026_SPANB_MDG_resume.pdf

L’élaboration de la Stratégie et du Plan d’Action National pour la Biodiversité (SPANB) a été initiée par le Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Ecologie et du Climat (MEEC) et finalisée sous l’égide du Ministère des Eaux et Forêts, de l’Environnement, du Climat Chargé du Conflit Homme-Faune dans l’optique de développer un plan d’action national en matière de biodiversité. Cet exercice a engagé toutes les parties prenantes : les Administrations, Agences et Institutions gouvernementales, les ONG, les Associations des jeunes, des femmes, des peuples autochtones, et des communautés locales, Ainsi que les es universitaires et le secteur privé. Les échanges ont consisté à recueillir les données dont ils disposent sur les différents aspects développés dans la stratégie. La riche biodiversité gabonaise est soumise à de nombreuses pressions anthropiques et climatiques, classées selon leur origine et leur nature : les espèces exotiques envahissantes, les changements climatiques et les activités anthropiques notamment les pollutions ; l’exploitation agricole, l’urbanisation, le développement des infrastructures et, l'exploitation des ressources naturelles. Des moyens pour inverser cette tendance sont mis en œuvre, mais demeurent toutefois insuffisants. Dans ce contexte, la révision de la Stratégie et Plan d'Action National de la Biodiversité du Gabon est essentielle pour principalement assurer leur pertinence, leur efficacité et leur alignement avec les enjeux actuels. La Stratégie et Plan d'Action National de la Biodiversité du Gabon présente une vision : où la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité sont intégrées dans tous les secteurs de développement. En effet, la biodiversité est essentielle pour la sécurité alimentaire, la santé publique et le bien-être socio-économique et culturel. A ce titre elle décline des actions concrètes et chiffrées pour protéger et valoriser nos écosystèmes. Dans ce contexte, conscient de son rôle crucial dans la préservation des écosystèmes forestiers d'Afrique centrale et de sa responsabilité en tant que puits de carbone mondial, le cadre politique, institutionnel et juridique du Gabon pour la gestion durable de sa biodiversité exceptionnelle est en constante évolution afin de s’adapter aux contextes international et national. Le Plan d'Action détaille des objectifs précis alignés sur les cibles du Cadre Mondial de la Biodiversité de Kunming-Montréal, couvrant l'amélioration de la gestion des aires protégées, la restauration des écosystèmes dégradés, l'intégration de la biodiversité dans les politiques sectorielles (agriculture, foresterie, pêche, mine et pétrole), et le renforcement des capacités scientifiques, institutionnelles et financières nécessaires. Le présent Plan d’Action est structuré en 3 axes stratégiques, comportant 23 cibles ou objectifs opérationnels, 46 activités et 65 indicateurs. Les tableaux ci-dessous présente les axes, les résultats attendus et les différentes cibles nationales. AXE 1 : RÉDUCTION DES MENACES POUR LA BIODIVERSITÉ Cet axe regroupe les actions directement liées à l'élimination ou à la réduction des pressions sur la biodiversité du Gabon. Il regroupe les huit (8) premières cibles nationales. Tableau 1: Cibles (1-8) relatives à l’axe stratégique 1 : Réduire les menaces sur la biodiversité AXE STRATEGIQUE 1 Réduire les menaces sur la biodiversité Résultats attendus : Les menaces sur la biodiversité sont réduites Objectif opérationnel 1.1 C1: Planification et amélioration de la gestion de toutes les zones afin de minimiser la perte de biodiversité Objectif opérationnel 1.2 C2 : Restauration des écosystèmes dégradés Objectif opérationnel 1.3 C3: Conservation de 30 % des zones terrestres, des eaux intérieures et des zones marines et côtières Objectif opérationnel 1.4 C4 : Coexistence Homme-Faune Objectifs opérationnel 1.5 C5 : Utilisation durable Objectif opérationnel 1.6 C6 : Espèces exotiques envahissantes Objectif opérationnel 1.7 C7 : Identification du niveau d'impact des pollutions Objectif opérationnel 1.8 C8: Atténuation des changements climatiques et de l’acidification des océans AXE 2 : SATISFACTION DES BESOINS DES POPULATIONS GRÂCE À L'UTILISATION DURABLE ET AU PARTAGE DES AVANTAGES Ce volet vise à satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l’utilisation durable et au partage des avantages. Les cibles nationales allant de 9 à 13 constituent le levier de cet axe stratégique. Tableau 2: Cibles (9-13) relatives à l’axe stratégique 2 : Satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l’utilisation durable et au partage des avantages AXES STRATEGIQUE 2 : Satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l'utilisation durable et au partage des avantages Résultats attendus : Les besoins des populations sont satisfaits grâce à l'utilisation durable et au partage des avantages Objectif opérationnel 2.1 C9: Gestion des espèces sauvages de manière durable pour le bénéfice des populations Objectif opérationnel 2.2 C10 : Gestion durable des zones agricoles, aquacoles, halieutiques et forestières Objectif opérationnel 2.3 C11 : Renforcement des contributions de la nature aux populations Objectif opérationnel 2.4 C12 : aménagement des espaces verts et bleus dans les zones urbaines Objectif opérationnel 2.5 C13: Accès aux ressources génétiques et partage des avantages AXE 3 : OUTILS ET SOLUTIONS EN MATIÈRE DE MISE EN ŒUVRE ET D’INTÉGRATION Ce dernier axe regroupe toutes les activités de support nécessaires pour garantir le succès, la pérennité et l'intégration de la SPANB dans la société gabonaise. Le déroulement de cet axe repose sur les cibles nationales de 14 à 23. Tableau 3: Cibles (14-23) relatives à l’axe stratégique 3 : Outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d’intégration AXE STRATEGIQUE 3 Outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d'intégration Résultats attendus Les outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d'intégration sont définis Objectif Opérationnel 3.1 C14 : Intégration de la biodiversité dans la prise de décision à tous les niveaux Objectif Opérationnel 3.2 C15 : Incitation des entreprises à intégrer la biodiversité dans leurs pratiques Objectif opérationnel 3.3 C16 : Promotion des choix de consommation durables pour améliorer la gestion des déchets Objectif opérationnel 3.4 C17 : Renforcement de la biosécurité et répartir les avantages de la biotechnologie Objectif opérationnel 3.5 C18 : Réduction des incitations préjudiciables et renforcement des incitations positives pour la biodiversité Objectif opérationnel 3.6 C19 : Mobilisation des ressources financières Objectif opérationnel 3.7 C20 : Développement des capacités, accès et transfert de technologie Objectif opérationnel 3.8 C21 : Accès aux données, informations et connaissances disponibles Objectif opérationnel 3.9 C22 : Participation et inclusion de toutes les parties prenantes Objectif opérationnel 3.10 C23 : Garantir l’égalité des sexes et une approche sensible au genre

Timor-Leste is a young island nation endowed with exceptional terrestrial and marine biodiversity, including globally significant forests, coral reefs, mangroves, and freshwater ecosystems. These ecosystems underpin national food security, livelihoods, cultural identity, and climate resilience. However, biodiversity is increasingly threatened by land-use change, unsustainable harvesting, invasive species, pollution, and the accelerating impacts of climate change. Recognizing these challenges, the Government of Timor-Leste has updated its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) for 2026–2030 to serve as the country’s primary framework for conserving biodiversity and integrating ecosystem management into national development. The updated NBSAP builds on the lessons of the 2011–2020 NBSAP and is fully aligned with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), the Paris Agreement, the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) commitments, and regional initiatives such as the Coral Triangle Initiative. Developed through an extensive consultation process, including national workshops in Dili and sub-national consultations in Baucau, Manufahi, and Liquiça, as well as bilateral meetings with ministries, NGOs, development partners, and community representatives, the NBSAP reflects a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach. The vision of the updated NBSAP is “By 2030, Timor-Leste’s biodiversity and ecosystems are conserved and sustainably used by all sectors, providing food security and contributing to poverty eradication and improved quality of life for all Timorese People.”  To achieve this, the NBSAP positions biodiversity as a foundation for sustainable development, emphasizing integration across agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, and spatial planning. The Strategy defines 22 interlinked national targets, adapted from the 23 KMGBF Targets, covering ecosystem restoration, protected areas, species conservation, genetic diversity, sustainable management of productive sectors, invasive species control, pollution reduction, climate adaptation, biosafety, and resource mobilization. These are operationalized through a detailed action plan that identifies responsible institutions, timelines, and links to national policies. The NBSAP also provides spatially explicit priorities across municipalities, based on the National Spatial Plan, identifying where agricultural diversification, forestry restoration, sustainable fisheries, community-based tourism, and protected area expansion should occur. Cross-cutting strategies strengthen the inclusive and rights-based implementation of biodiversity actions. Timor-Leste’s National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence (2017-2021) and the National Strategy for Social Protection (2021) provide complementary frameworks for embedding GEDSI in conservation. GEDSI embedded in the NBSAP is guided by the Maubisse Declaration (2022) and aligned with the four key priorities of the Secretary of State for Equality (SEI). A Gender Plan of Action outlines measures to support women’s leadership, reduce gender barriers, and integrate gender-responsive indicators. A dedicated section on Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) or local community (used in this document) participation ensures rights-based engagement, recognition of traditional knowledge systems such as tara bandu , and equitable distribution of benefits. Capacity-building measures target sectoral ministries and departments, as well as communities and the general public. The NBSAP also includes a country-specific Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Framework that identifies headline, component, and complementary indicators. The framework outlines baseline values, target milestones, and responsible monitoring agencies, ensuring transparent and accountable progress reporting toward 2030 commitments. Financial planning involves a multi-layered approach encompassing domestic budgeting, fiscal and regulatory incentives, donor engagement, private-sector investment, and community-based financing. Resource leveraging will be done through appropriate complementarity with different plans and policies, including those related to climate change and sustainable development. These strategies aim to close current financing gaps and ensure the long-term sustainability of biodiversity initiatives. The updated NBSAP thus provides Timor-Leste with a comprehensive and actionable roadmap to address biodiversity loss, strengthen climate resilience, and enhance the well-being of its people. It reinforces Timor-Leste’s commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity and positions the country to meet global environmental goals while advancing inclusive and sustainable national development.

Executive Summary As a legal framework, The Gambia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) provides an enabling environment for collaboration between government, Civil Society, international partners, the private sector and communities in managing the country’s biodiversity resources. The Gambia is blessed with a rich biodiversity which through the decades has catered to the needs of the population through the provision of a wide range of goods and services providing the foundation for the country’s sustainable development aspirations. Despite its significance, biodiversity in the country is under severe stress resulting from a combination of human activities and climate change factors leading to a plethora of economic, social, environmental and cultural challenges. Responding to these challenges, the current NBSAP (2025 – 2035) was developed against the backdrop of calls for urgent actions to reverse the alarming trend of biodiversity loss. By providing a structured framework, the NBSAP enables The Gambia to set priorities, establish measurable targets, and monitor progress in biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management. Going further, the new NBSAP (2025 – 2035) aligns with the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), whose targets and indicators are aimed at halting biodiversity loss, promoting ecosystem restoration, and ensuring that biodiversity contributes to human well-being and sustainable development. Key goals and targets of the GBF aim to achieve measurable biodiversity outcomes by 2030.  The GBF aims to create pathways for countries like The Gambia to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and achieve the long-term vision of “living in harmony with nature” by 2050. The Gambia’s new NBSAP builds upon the achievements and lessons learned from previous NBSAPs, while addressing contemporary issues such as climate change, habitat degradation, invasive species, over-exploitation of resources, and other emerging threats to biodiversity. The development process for the strategy adopted an inclusive approach to ensure that it reflects national priorities, scientific and traditional knowledge with a view to engender stakeholder ownership and commitment to implementation. The NBSAP will be implemented using a decentralized approach through Subnational Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (SBSAP) with all the 7 Administrative Regions/Municipalities implementing their respective plan. This approach ensures that each administrative region/municipality focuses on the unique biodiversity challenges and that adapts the plans to suit their local conditions. The implementation of The Gambia’s NBSAP (2025–2035) is expected to generate measurable outcomes and long-term impacts that collectively contribute to biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and climate resilience. Specifically, the long-term outputs and outcomes will include the following: Improved Biodiversity Status – crucial for the protection and restoration of critical habitats. Enhanced Ecosystem Services - Healthy and well-managed ecosystems will continue to provide essential services Increased Community Resilience to Environmental Changes - By promoting sustainable livelihoods, participatory conservation, and awareness-raising programs, local communities will be better equipped to adapt to environmental shocks. Sustainable Economic Development through Biodiversity Utilization - The NBSAP encourages responsible use of natural resources, linking conservation with economic opportunities while maintaining ecological integrity, contributing to poverty reduction and equitable benefit-sharing. Strengthened National and Local Capacities for Biodiversity Governance - Improved institutional coordination, legal frameworks, technical expertise, and monitoring systems will enhance the capacity of all stakeholders to manage biodiversity effectively. In combination, these outcomes and impacts create a pathway toward a resilient and biodiversity-rich Gambia, where ecosystems sustain livelihoods, support climate adaptation, and contribute to national development goals while fulfilling international biodiversity commitments.

The Fiji National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026–2030 provides Fiji’s national roadmap for conserving, restoring, and sustainably managing biodiversity while contributing to sustainable development and climate resilience. Guided by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), the NBSAP establishes a long-term vision that by 2050, Fiji’s biodiversity will be conserved, restored, and sustainably used to support resilient ecosystems, thriving communities, and a sustainable blue and green economy. The Strategy is built around four key goals: Protect and Restore, Prosper with Nature, Share Benefits Fairly, and Invest and Collaborate, recognizing biodiversity as a cornerstone of Fiji’s culture, livelihoods, food security, and economic prosperity. On 22 April 2026, the Fiji Cabinet endorsed the Fiji NBSAP 2026–2030, reaffirming the Government’s commitment to strengthening national efforts to protect and sustainably manage Fiji’s natural environment. The Strategy responds to increasing pressures on biodiversity, including climate change, habitat degradation, invasive species, pollution, and unsustainable resource use. It aligns Fiji’s national priorities with global biodiversity targets and establishes 23 national targets to be achieved by 2030, including protecting and effectively managing 30% of terrestrial and marine areas, restoring 30% of degraded ecosystems, strengthening species conservation, improving sustainable resource management, and ensuring equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources. The NBSAP 2026-2030 will guide coordinated national action through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, bringing together government agencies, resource owners, communities, civil society organizations, academia, development partners, and the private sector. It provides a framework for implementation, monitoring, financing, and reporting, while supporting access to international biodiversity and climate finance. Through its implementation, Fiji aims to strengthen ecosystem resilience, safeguard biodiversity, and ensure that natural resources continue to support economic growth, food security, cultural heritage, and the well-being of present and future generations.