Saint Vincent and the Grenadines National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026-2030 is developed based on lessons learned from NBSAP 2015-2020. It aligns national ambition with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted at COP15, translating its four goals and 23 targets into 14 National Targets that address spatial planning, protected areas and OECMs, endangered species recovery, invasive species control, pollution reduction, sustainable use, restoration, biosafety, inclusive governance, and biodiversity finance. By design, the NBSAP advances a whole-of-government and whole-of-society agenda, strengthens access to international financing, and focuses delivery on island priorities such as coastal and marine conservation, sustainable agriculture and fisheries, climate resilience, and community stewardship through 2030. NBSAP Vision: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines live well in harmony with nature as a climate-resilient archipelago where connected, effectively managed protected and conserved areas, restored ecosystems, and sustainable land- and seascapes along with resilient communities halt and reverse biodiversity loss, secure food, water and livelihoods, ensure climate adaptation, facilitate sustainable economic growth, and fully contribute to achieving the Kunming–Montreal GBF Goals A, B, C, and D at the national level. NBSAP Objective: By 2030, achieve all 14 National Targets as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines’ fair-share contribution to the Kunming–Montreal GBF Targets, through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach National Targets : NBSAP 2026-2030 have 14 National Targets identified and formulated through participatory stakeholder consultation process in March-September 2025: Target 1. Spatial Planning : By 2028, establish an integrated national spatial planning framework that includes all ecologically significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems and ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, flood protection, soil fertility), incorporating key biodiversity areas and climate resilience strategies into national land use and marine planning; Target 2. Integrating Biodiversity into Economic Sectors: By 2029, integrate biodiversity considerations into national economic policies, ensuring that all key industries (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) adopt nature-positive practices; Target 3. Endangered Species: By 2030, prevent extinction and improve conservation status of key nationally threatened species through habitat protection, species recovery programs, and stronger anti-poaching enforcement; Target 4. Deforestation: By 2030, reduce the national deforestation rate by at least 50% and restore connectivity between fragmented forests; Target 5. Protected Areas Expansion: By 2030, legally protect at least 30% of terrestrial (including 100% of elfin woodlands) and 5% of marine areas, with Protected Areas and OECMs Target 6. Invasive Species Control: By 2030, contain the most dangerous invasive alien species and establish effective biosecurity measures to prevent new introductions; Target 7. Pollution Reduction (Agrochemicals and Waste): By 2030, reduce nutrient, chemical and plastic pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems by 50%; Target 8. Sustainable Fisheries & Wildlife Use: By 2030, bring all wild harvesting (fisheries, hunting) to sustainable levels and eliminate illegal exploitation; Target 9. Habitat Restoration and Climate Resilience: By 2030, restore at least 30% of degraded ecosystems nationwide (with key focus on rainforest, mangroves, littoral woodlands, beaches, coral reefs, and seagrass meadows) prioritizing climate vulnerable habitats; Target 10. Sustainable Tourism: By 2026, implement national eco-friendly tourism standards and by 2030 ensure all major tourism sites operate within ecological carrying capacity; Target 11. Sand Mining and Coastal Erosion: By 2027, stop illegal sand mining in all ecologically sensitive and adaptation value areas, including sea turtle nesting sites; Target 12. Increasing Biodiversity Finance & Reducing Harmful Subsidies: By 2030, mobilize at least US$70 million in biodiversity financing from national, regional, and international sources, and phase out at least 50% of subsidies that harm biodiversity; Target 13. Biosafety: By 2030, establish and fully implement a comprehensive national biosafety framework that effectively manages risks associated with living modified organisms (LMOs), biotechnology products, and genetic resources; and Target 14. Gender Equality and Community Participation: By 2027, ensure full participation of women, youth, and local communities in biodiversity decision-making, conservation, and sustainable use, with representation via whole-of-government approach. Structure of the NBSAP: The NBSAP 2026–2030 is structured into several interconnected components designed for effective implementation and coordination: Action Plan (2026–2030): A costed, time-bound Action Plan operationalizes the 14 National Targets through prioritized and sequenced activities with clear ownership. For each target, specific activities are defined, each with a lead agency and partners, geographic scope, alignment to relevant GBF Targets and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), expected outputs, indicative budgets and financing sources, and risk considerations. This ensures that the strategy is concrete and implementable. The Action Plan emphasizes “no-regrets” measures and scalable pilot projects while identifying enabling policy and capacity actions for long-term sustainability. Whole-of-Government & Whole-of-Society Framework: The NBSAP is implemented via a tiered governance model that mobilizes all levels of government and society. Pillar 1 is a High-Level NBSAP Steering Committee that sets strategic direction and secures resources; Pillar 2 establishes Biodiversity Focal Points in all relevant ministries to mainstream biodiversity into sector plans and budgets; and Pillar 3 fosters civil society and private sector co-management and co-financing for biodiversity initiatives. Through this framework, central ministries, local authorities, communities, resource-user groups, NGOs, academia, and the private sector are all engaged as partners. This whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach ensures biodiversity is embedded in national governance, sectoral policies, and community actions, reinforcing that biodiversity conservation underpins sustainable development and climate resilience goals. Monitoring Plan: A robust Monitoring Plan underpins NBSAP delivery. The plan compiles for each National Target the baseline values, target values, GBF headline and complimentary indicators, means of verification, and responsible agency. This allows transparent tracking of NBSAP progress toward 2030. Policy Coherence Plan: To reduce implementation barriers, the NBSAP includes a Policy Coherence Plan that coordinates necessary policy, legislative, and institutional reforms across sectors. Biodiversity considerations will be mainstreamed into spatial planning laws, agriculture and fisheries regulations, tourism and infrastructure permitting, pollution control standards, biosafety frameworks, and public finance mechanisms (e.g., green budgeting and subsidy reform). This ensures the enabling environment (policies, laws, incentives) is aligned with NBSAP objectives, so that sectoral activities and investments directly support achieving the National Targets by 2030. Opportunistic Implementation Approach: A key element of the NBSAP’s implementation strategy is flexibility and opportunism in securing funding and partnerships. Recognizing limited domestic fiscal space, the NBSAP is designed so that each activity can be implemented as a stand-alone “investable” project if an opportunity arises. Dependencies between actions are minimized, meaning even if one project is delayed, others can proceed independently. This modular design allows SVG to rapidly take advantage of international funding streams, technical assistance, or private investment whenever they become available. As a result, the NBSAP serves as a ready-made portfolio of projects for donors and partners to support, aligning national conservation needs with international sustainable development and climate finance priorities. Priority for delivering the National Targets should be placed on National Target 12 , National Target 1 , National Target 2 , and on policy and legislation measures embedded across the Targets. National Target 12, focused on resource mobilization and partnerships, acts as the “fuel” for implementation by catalyzing financing, reducing transaction costs, and creating predictable support for field activities under other Targets; it should therefore be initiated as the highest priority . National Targets 1 (spatial plans) and 2 (biodiversity-inclusive policies) provide core foundations for safeguarding key biodiversity assets and reducing immediate pressures on biodiversity, delivering early wins that build momentum and confidence among partners and investors. Budget and Resource Mobilization: The total five-year budget to implement the NBSAP (2026–2030) is estimated at US$ 69,080,000 – 87,710,000 . This investment will be sourced through a combination of domestic budget allocations and, significantly, new external funding mobilized via the Biodiversity Finance Plan (Target 12). Notably, the NBSAP financing strategy emphasizes attracting international grants, loans, and private sector funds to avoid placing undue burden on SVG’s public finances. Potential sources include global environmental funds (GEF, GBFF, GCF), climate finance facilities, multilateral development banks, and innovative mechanisms like conservation trust funds or debt-for-nature swaps. By positioning biodiversity projects as opportunities for sustainable development (e.g., eco-tourism, climate resilience, green agriculture), the plan aims to tap into a wider pool of financing. Additionally, domestic resource allocation will be improved through measures such as integrating biodiversity into annual budget planning. Job Creation and Economic Benefits : Implementing the NBSAP will not only protect nature but also deliver socio-economic co-benefits. Green and Blue economy employment will expand significantly. It is estimated that NBSAP execution will create between 241-351 permanent jobs and 1,057-1,455 temporary jobs in SVG by 2030. Permanent jobs will largely be in areas like park management, forestry and fisheries officers, biodiversity planners, environmental educators, and other roles that can be sustained through institutional mandates or revenue (e.g., user fees, conservation funds) beyond 2030. Temporary jobs will include consultants, construction workers for green infrastructure, community mobilizers, researchers and field technicians, nursery workers for reforestation, etc., often tied to specific projects or campaigns. These employment opportunities underscore how biodiversity action contributes to inclusive growth: many jobs will directly engage rural communities and youth in conservation (for example, community wardens, invasive species removal teams, eco-tourism guides, sustainable farmers/fishers supported through incentives). The overall economic stimulus from the NBSAP (in jobs, training, and capital projects) supports a just transition to sustainability, aligning environmental objectives with livelihood improvement. Alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework :  The NBSAP 2026–2030 is explicitly framed as the country’s vehicle for implementing GBF and directly contributes to GBF Target 1 – Spatial planning, GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems & connectivity, GBF Target 3 – Conserve 30% of ecosystems, GBF Target 4 – Halt extinction & recover species, GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, legal use/trade of wildlife, GBF Target 6 – Invasive alien species, GBF Target 7 – Reduce pollution, GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience, GBF Target 10 – Sustainable agriculture/aquaculture/forestry/fisheries, GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions, GBF Target 12 - Urban Nature, GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies, GBF Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts, GBF Target 16 – Sustainable consumption & waste, GBF Target 17 – Biosafety & benefits of biotechnology, GBF Target 18 – Reform harmful incentives, GBF Target 19 – Mobilize biodiversity finance, GBF Target 22 – Inclusive, rights‑based participation, and GBF Target 23 – Gender equality. NBSAP Theory of Change: Summary of National Targets, Indicators, Budgets & Job Estimates Target # Target Statement Indicators Baseline Target Indicator Value Estimated Budget (USD) New Jobs Estimates 1 Spatial Planning : By 2028, establish an integrated national spatial planning framework that includes all ecologically significant terrestrial and marine ecosystems and ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, flood protection, soil fertility), incorporating key biodiversity areas and climate resilience strategies into national land-use and marine planning. GBF Target 1 – Spatial planning; GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions; and GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience GBF Headline Indicator 1.1 Percentage of land and seas covered by biodiversity-inclusive spatial plans: % of national territory covered with biodiversity-inclusive and climate-resilient spatial plans approved by Government: % of national marine area covered with biodiversity-inclusive and climate-resilient spatial plans approved by Government: 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 100% 1,450,000 – 1,900,000 6-9 permanent 10-26 temporary 2 Integrating Biodiversity into Economic Sectors: By 2029, integrate biodiversity considerations into national economic policies, ensuring that all key industries (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) adopt nature-positive practices. GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies ; GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature; GBF Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts; and GBF Target 10 – Sustainable agriculture/aquaculture/forestry/fisheries GBF Headline Indicator 15.1 Number of companies reporting on disclosures of risks, dependencies and impacts on biodiversity: % economic sectors (agriculture, fisheries, tourism, forestry, construction, and waste management) that have biodiversity conservation integrated into sectoral policies, plans, and practice 0 33% (forestry and fishery) >5 100% 2,250,000 – 2,800,000 17-21 permanent 38-50 temporary 3 Endangered Species: By 2030, prevent extinction and improve conservation status of key nationally threatened species through habitat protection, species recovery programs, and stronger anti-poaching enforcement. GBF Target 4 – Halt extinction & recover species ; and GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, legal use/trade of wildlife GBF Headline Indicator A.3 Red List Index: Populations of key nationally threatened species: 0.74 (2024) [1] Saint Vincent Parrot : baseline TBE in 2026 Union Island Ge cko: baseline TBE in 2026 Hawksbill Turtle : baseline TBE in 2026 Leatherback Turtle: baseline TBE [2] in 2026 Grenadines Pink Rhino Iguana : baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Black Snake : baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Whistling Frog : baseline TBE in 2026 Whistling Warbler: baseline TBE in 2026 Saint Vincent Wren: baseline TBE in 2026 Acroporid corals: baseline TBE in 2026 Parrotfish (Scaridae): baseline TBE in 2026 Queen Conch : baseline TBE in 2026 >=0.76 No population decline from baseline by 2030 3,130,000 – 3,730,000 10 – 18 permanent 55 – 87 temporary 4 Deforestation: By 2030, reduce the national deforestation rate by at least 50% and restore connectivity between fragmented forests. GBF Target 10 – Sustainable forestry; GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems & connectivity; Target 1 – Spatial planning; and GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature GBF Headline Indicator 10.2 Progress towards sustainable forest management, based on the following sub-indicators: Annual forest area change rate (% per year): Above-ground biomass in forest (tones per hectare): Proportion of forest area within legally protected areas (%): Proportion of forest area under a long-term forest management plan (%): Forest area under an independently verified certification scheme (’000 hectares): -0.2% 219.1 [3] 46% [4] 15.9% [5] 0 ≥ +0.05% net gain ≥ 223 t/ha ≥ 50% ≥ 30% ≥ 0.2 9,300,000 –10,280,000 11–20 permanent 140 – 209 temporary Annual deforestation rate measured for last 5 years, ha/year Forest Landscape Integrity Index [6] 21.2 (2019-2023, GFW) 69.9 (2024) <=10.6 ha/year >=75.0 5 Protected Areas Expansion: By 2030, legally protect at least 30% of terrestrial (including 100% of elfin woodlands) and 5% of marine areas, with Protected Areas and OECMs. GBF Target 3 – Conserve 30% of ecosystems (PAs & OECMs) GBF Headline Indicator 3.1 Coverage of protected areas and OECMs (terrestrial & marine): % of terrestrial area under legal protection: % of marine area under legal protection: 22.6% (2024) 0.22% 30% 5% 8,100,000 – 9,700,000 22–42 permanent 75–105 seasonal/ temporary 6 Invasive Species Control: By 2030, contain the most dangerous invasive alien species and establish effective biosecurity measures to prevent new introductions GBF Target 6 – Invasive alien species GBF Headline Indicator 6.1 Rate of invasive alien species (IAS/year) establishment in SVG during last 10 years: Population density of key IAS, ind./ha: ≈0.45 IAS/year [7] Lionfish: baseline TBE in 2026; Mongoose: baseline TBE in 2026; Giant African Snail : baseline TBE in 2026; Cuban Tree Frog : baseline TBE in 2026; Lemongrass: baseline TBE in 2026, West Indian Fruit Fly: baseline TBE in 2026; Banana Black Sigatoka: baseline TBE in 2026; Banana Moko Disease : baseline TBE in 2026 Halophila stipulacea: baseline TBE in 2026 Xeniidae soft corals: baseline TBE in 2026 0.2 IAS/year >=30-50% reduction in key IAS population density 8,850,000-11,100,000 24-32 permanent jobs 191 – 255 temporary jobs 7 Pollution Reduction (Agrochemicals and Waste): By 2030, reduce nutrient, chemical and plastic pollution in freshwater and marine ecosystems by 50%. GBF Target 7 – Reduce pollution GBF Headline Indicator 7.1 Index of Coastal Eutrophication Potential (nutrients): GBF Headline Indicator 7.2 Aggregated Total Applied Toxicity (pesticides): GBF Headline Indicator 10.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture: Concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and pesticide residues (µg/L) in freshwater streams and coastal marine areas: Number (or weight) of plastic items per meter (or km) of shoreline: baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 50% reduction 50% reduction >=30% of agricultural area 50% reduction in concentration 50% reduction number (weight) 5,700,000 – 7,850,000 32–43 permanent 92–127 temporary 8 Sustainable Fisheries & Wildlife Use: By 2030, bring all wild harvesting (fisheries, hunting) to sustainable levels and eliminate illegal exploitation. GBF Target 5 – Sustainable, safe, legal use/trade of biodiversity; and GBF Target 10 – Sustainable fisheries & aquaculture % of fisheries harvested at sustainable levels ( GBF Headline Indicator 5.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels): Number of IUU cases per year: Number of illegal hunting/ harvesting cases per year: 0% baseline TBE in 2026 baseline TBE in 2026 100% Decreased by 70% Decreased by 70% 5,800,000 – 7,700,000 13–18 permanent 69–89 temporary 9 Habitat Restoration and Climate Resilience: By 2030, restore at least 30% of degraded ecosystems nationwide (with key focus on rainforest, mangroves, littoral woodlands, beaches, coral reefs, and seagrass meadows) prioritizing climate-vulnerable habitats. GBF Target 2 – Restore 30% ecosystems& connectivity; GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience; and GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions Area of degraded habitat restored for the ecosystems ( GBF Headline Indicator 2.1 Area under restoration (all ecosystems)): Rainforest: Elfin Woodlands: Littoral Woodlands: Mangroves: Dry Scrub Woodlands: Coral Reefs: Seagrass Beds: Sandy Beaches: Freshwater ecosystems: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 150 30 15 300 1,000 [8] 250 10 50 7,400,000 – 9,500,000 198-227 temporary 10 Sustainable Tourism: By 2026, implement national eco-friendly tourism standards and by 2030 ensure all major tourism sites operate within ecological carrying capacity. GBF Target 14 – Integrate biodiversity in policies ; GB F Target 15 – Business disclosure & impacts ; GBF Target 16 – Sustainable consumption & waste; and GBF Target 12 – Urban Nature - % of tourism operators certified under eco-friendly tourist standards - % of tourism sites operating withing ecological carrying capacity 0% baseline TBE in 2026 >=80% (2030) 100% (2030) 5,850,000 – 8,200,000 51-73 permanent 51–86 temporary 11 Sand Mining and Coastal Erosion: By 2027, stop illegal sand mining in all ecologically sensitive and adaptation value areas, including sea turtle nesting sites. GBF Target 11 – Nature’s contributions (risk reduction) ; GBF Target 8 – Climate resilience ; and GBF Target 3 – Area‑based conservation Presence of full ban on sand mining on beaches Number of sand mining violations per year Absent baseline TBE in 2026 Present (2027) 0 violations (2030) 2,450,000 – 3,200,000 25–36 permanent 76–97 temporary 12 Increasing Biodiversity Finance & Reducing Harmful Subsidies: By 2030, mobilize at least US $70 million in biodiversity financing from national, regional, and international sources, and phase out at least 50% of subsidies that harm biodiversity. GBF Target 19 – Mobilize $200B/yr biodiversity finance ; and GBF Target 18 – Reform harmful incentives ($500B/yr) Total biodiversity funding mobilized in 2026-2030, US$: GBF Headline Indicator 18.2. Value of subsidies and other incentives harmful to biodiversity that have been eliminated, phased out or reformed [9] , US$: GBF Headline Indicator D.1. International public funding, including official development assistance (ODA) for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: GBF Headline Indicator D.2. Domestic public funding on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: GBF Headline Indicator D.3. Private funding (domestic and international) on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems, US$/year: $0 $0 (2024) $3.5-5.0 mln. ~$3.3 mln. (2024) [10] <$1 mln. >=$70,000,000 >= $90-100 mln.  (>50% reduction from the 2024 value) >= $10 mln. >= $6.0 mln. >= $5 mln. 5,450,000 - 7,150,000 26 – 34 permanent 28 – 45 temporary 13 Biosafety: By 2030, establish and fully implement a comprehensive national biosafety framework that effectively manages risks associated with living modified organisms (LMOs), biotechnology products, and genetic resources. GBF Target 17 – Biosafety & benefits of biotechnology Presence of the operational National Biosafety Framework (NBF) ( GBF Binary Indicator 17.b Number of countries that have taken action to implement biosafety measures as set out in Article 8(g) of the Convention and measures for the handling of biotechnology and the distribution of its benefits as set out in Article 19): Absent Present 2,450,000 – 3,350,000 1–2 permanent 19–32 temporary 14 Gender Equality and Community Participation: By 2027, ensure full participation of women, youth, and local communities in biodiversity decision-making, conservation, and sustainable use, with representation via whole-of-government approach. GBF Target 22 – Inclusive, rights‑based participation ; and GBF Target 23 – Gender equality - % representation of women, youth, and local groups in biodiversity committees and conservation projects baseline TBE in 2026 >= 50% 900,000 – 1,250,000 3 permanent 15-20 temporary TOTAL BUDGET/JOBS: 69,080,000 – 87,710,000 241-351 permanent jobs 1,057-1,455 temporary

The Portuguese National Strategy for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity 2030 (ENCNB 2030), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No. 55/2018 , includes among its strategic options the consolidation of the Fundamental Network for Nature Conservation and the National System of Classified Areas - SNAC, approved in 2008 and republished in  2015. This system assimilates the National Network of Protected Areas - RNAP, important for the promotion and enhancement of Protected Areas. Ensuring the conservation of their natural, cultural, and social heritage of the Natura 2000 Network. Since the beginning of ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) several strategic documents with implications for nature conservation policies have been approved, issuing guidance or imposing obligations on the Portuguese National Authorities: The European Union Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, guided by objectives for the conservation and restoration of species, habitats, and ecosystems, which includes the commitment to legally protect at least 30% of land (including inland waters) and 30% of the sea within the Union, of which at least one third (representing 10% of land and 10% of EU seas) must be strictly protected; The new Nature Restoration Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1991), under which EU Member States must meet objectives for restoring at least 20% of terrestrial and marine areas by 2030 and all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. The GBF Goal is to including the conservation and effective management of at least 30% of the world’s land, coastal areas, and oceans, and the restoration of 30% of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In 2025, in response to the need for updating, the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) was revised and published in the Council of Ministers Resolution No. 125/2026 , with the primary objective of incorporating new commitments and guidelines, in line with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2024 on nature restoration. The draft revision was subject to public consultation between 17 July and 9 October 2025, enabling the collection of contributions that strengthened the final version. This update aims to consolidate the Strategy as the central instrument of national public policy for nature conservation and ecological restoration. The ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) is now structured around four strategic pillars: Pillar 1: Conservation and Restoration of Ecosystems; Pillar 2: Integrated and Sustainable Land Management; Pillar 3: Economic and Social Valuation of Biodiversity and Geodiversity; Pillar 4: Governance and Knowledge. This new structure aims to overcome previously existing overlaps and clarify the distinction between instrumental dimensions (governance, knowledge and funding) and operational dimensions (on-the-ground actions and territorial management instruments). The renewed framework provides a more coherent and comprehensive approach, linking ecological interventions with spatial planning and territorial development, and recognising the role of society and the economy. Within this new model, the following stand out: The explicit integration of the concept of ecological restoration, which now occupies a central position, with specific measures, technical criteria, funding and monitoring; The incorporation of the climate dimension, reflected across objectives and measures, with emphasis on nature-based solutions, the energy transition and ecosystem resilience; The recognition of the contribution of civil society, the private sector and local communities, promoting sustainable consumption, certification, nature tourism and resource mobilisation; The introduction of previously absent or underdeveloped topics, such as human–wildlife conflict management, pollution and biodiversity, urban green spaces, biosecurity and environmental justice. Portugal is recognised for its natural wealth, both terrestrial and marine, possessing an exceptional diversity of species, habitats, ecosystems and geosites, whose relevance extends to the European and global levels. This wealth constitutes a strategic asset for sustainable development, climate resilience and the country’s international standing. Accordingly to the Council of Ministers Resolution the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests (ICNF), will ensure coordination of the implementation of the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) and the members of the Government responsible for the areas of environment, agriculture, forests, sea, fisheries, energy, spatial planning, infrastructure, tourism, education, science and finance shall ensure the integration of ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) measures into their respective planning instruments and sectoral policies, participating in the implementation of measures directly related to their areas. The revision of the ENCNB 2030 (NBSAP) marks the transition to a more ambitious and integrated model that combines conservation, restoration, and the economic valorisation of biodiversity, positioning natural heritage as a cornerstone of sustainable development and climate resilience in Portugal.

La stratégie nationale de la biodiversité est élaborée afin de gérer de manière intégrée, durable et inclusive avec une contribution significative au développement du pays. Aussi, face à la dégradation et aux contraintes de gestion que connaît la diversité biologique nationale et sa conservation efficace, le Mali a pris des engagements autour d’une vision nationale réaliste et intégrante ainsi que des priorités claires et concises. Pour le Mali, la diversité biologique constitue un capital stratégique et fragile. Sa restauration est souvent coûteuse. La Stratégie Nationale est l’un des principaux mécanismes pour la mise en œuvre du Cadre Mondial Kunming-Montréal (GBF) de la Convention sur la diversité biologique. L’élaboration de cette nouvelle tire des leçons des générations précédentes o de la mise en œuvre des actions. Enfin, la révision de la SNPA-DB a donné l’occasion d’assurer la prise en compte des préoccupations nationales et des mesures pour la mise en œuvre en parallèle à certaines conventions sœurs. Après analyse des forces et faiblesses, cette génération intègre l’ensemble des politiques nationales concourant à la protection de diversité biologique, aux conventions sur la conservation des espèces migratrices, la conservation des espèces faisant l’objet de commerce. La sauvegarde du patrimoine doit être une préoccupation permanente et chacun des actes quotidiens posés par les citoyens devra dorénavant s’en inspirer. Pour acquérir les connaissances appropriées capables de soutenir les efforts de sa conservation et d’utilisation durable, il est recommandé, à tous les niveaux (politique, administratif, scientifique et de la société civile) de réaliser des actions concrètes et soutenues. Le Gouvernement a défini les mesures et mobiliser les moyens (humains, matériels et financiers) à mettre en œuvre pour instaurer un partenariat réel en faveur des efforts à déployer à tous les niveaux pour la conservation de la diversité biologique et l’utilisation durable des ressources. La décentralisation offre un cadre institutionnel adapté à cet effet. Dans le souci d’une pérennisation des actions programmées, il sera procédé au suivi-évaluation régulier de la mise en œuvre de la Stratégie et du Plan d 'Action. L’adoption de cette Stratégie par le Gouvernement permettra de doter le pays d’un instrument opérationnel pour mieux coordonner les activités de conservation et d’utilisation durable de la diversité biologique.

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan has approved the Concept for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity for 2026–2035 a strategic document that defines the main directions of the country's state policy on nature conservation, the restoration of key ecosystems, and the sustainable use of biological diversity. The adoption of the Concept establishes the foundation for implementing the ambitious goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework , aimed at restoring harmony between people and nature by 2050. The Concept represents a contribution to the country's sustainable future and is the result of many years of consistent efforts by the Government, the scientific and expert community, as well as international partners. The document will serve as the basis for planning and implementing comprehensive measures for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The Concept defines eight key national priorities , covering the expansion of the network of protected areas, the restoration and sustainable management of forest ecosystems, the conservation of the genetic diversity of wild flora and fauna, the restoration of degraded pastures and other ecosystems, the sustainable use of natural resources, as well as the strengthening of the systems of public administration, monitoring, and environmental education. The implementation of the Concept will strengthen Kazakhstan's national biodiversity conservation system, enhance ecosystem resilience to climate change, and ensure the preservation of the country's natural heritage for future generations.

Malawi's Third National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP III) covers the period from 2025 to 2035. It lays out strategies and actions that Malawi will undertake to enhance conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for the benefit of the people, the environment and the economy. At the global level, the NBSAP III is aligned to the Kunming Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) while at national level it is in line with the principles of the Constitution of the Republic of Malawi and Enabler 7 on Environmental Sustainability of Malawi 2063. The strategy provides an overview of Malawi’s biodiversity, highlighting its value, current status and trends across different ecosystems including their species and genetic diversity. It presents priority actions to conserve Malawi’s 69 ecosystem types, 87 protected areas, 44 key biodiversity areas, over 1500 endemic species and priority landscapes among others. Malawi’s biodiversity faces significant and interrelated challenges driven by habitat loss, land-use change, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, invasive alien species and the impacts of climate change. Rapid population growth, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and unsustainable harvesting practices continue to degrade ecosystems and fragment habitats, threatening endemic and vulnerable species. These pressures are compounded by weak enforcement, limited institutional capacity, poverty, and inadequate integration of biodiversity considerations into national development planning. To address these underlying drivers is essential to halt biodiversity loss and secure ecosystem services critical to Malawi’s sustainable development.  The NBSAP III therefore proposes ways of achieving this through: Strengthened legal and institutional frameworks and building of capacities Strong political commitment and cross-sectoral coordination Sustainable financing mechanisms (public, private, and international) Science-policy interface for evidence-based decision-making Integration of gender, youth and indigenous and local knowledge systems This NBSAP has five specific objectives and 23 targets including a set of associated actions for restoration of degraded terrestrial, wetlands and aquatic ecosystems; mainstreaming of biodiversity in national and sectoral plans; promoting biodiversity friendly enterprises and sustainable livelihoods, implementing equitable access and benefit sharing mechanisms; regulating biotechnology establishment of biodiversity data systems, monitoring frameworks and regular reporting; and enhancing community-based conservation and awareness programmes. The overall total estimated cost for implementing the NBSAP III is approximately USD 1.02 billion. The costing reveals the significant variations across the implementation of respective targets with Target 3 on protected area management and other effective based conservation accounting for the largest share exceeding USD437 million, followed by Target 5 on reducing human induced extinction and maintaining genetic diversity with an estimated cost of USD 179 million. Once successfully implemented, by 2035, it is expected that biodiversity loss will be halted and ecosystem resilience will be improved; there will be increased contribution of biodiversity to GDP and livelihoods security; communities will be empowered as custodians and beneficiaries of natural resources and there will be enhanced climate resilience through nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation among others.

12012026_SPANB_MDG_resume.pdf

L’élaboration de la Stratégie et du Plan d’Action National pour la Biodiversité (SPANB) a été initiée par le Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Ecologie et du Climat (MEEC) et finalisée sous l’égide du Ministère des Eaux et Forêts, de l’Environnement, du Climat Chargé du Conflit Homme-Faune dans l’optique de développer un plan d’action national en matière de biodiversité. Cet exercice a engagé toutes les parties prenantes : les Administrations, Agences et Institutions gouvernementales, les ONG, les Associations des jeunes, des femmes, des peuples autochtones, et des communautés locales, Ainsi que les es universitaires et le secteur privé. Les échanges ont consisté à recueillir les données dont ils disposent sur les différents aspects développés dans la stratégie. La riche biodiversité gabonaise est soumise à de nombreuses pressions anthropiques et climatiques, classées selon leur origine et leur nature : les espèces exotiques envahissantes, les changements climatiques et les activités anthropiques notamment les pollutions ; l’exploitation agricole, l’urbanisation, le développement des infrastructures et, l'exploitation des ressources naturelles. Des moyens pour inverser cette tendance sont mis en œuvre, mais demeurent toutefois insuffisants. Dans ce contexte, la révision de la Stratégie et Plan d'Action National de la Biodiversité du Gabon est essentielle pour principalement assurer leur pertinence, leur efficacité et leur alignement avec les enjeux actuels. La Stratégie et Plan d'Action National de la Biodiversité du Gabon présente une vision : où la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité sont intégrées dans tous les secteurs de développement. En effet, la biodiversité est essentielle pour la sécurité alimentaire, la santé publique et le bien-être socio-économique et culturel. A ce titre elle décline des actions concrètes et chiffrées pour protéger et valoriser nos écosystèmes. Dans ce contexte, conscient de son rôle crucial dans la préservation des écosystèmes forestiers d'Afrique centrale et de sa responsabilité en tant que puits de carbone mondial, le cadre politique, institutionnel et juridique du Gabon pour la gestion durable de sa biodiversité exceptionnelle est en constante évolution afin de s’adapter aux contextes international et national. Le Plan d'Action détaille des objectifs précis alignés sur les cibles du Cadre Mondial de la Biodiversité de Kunming-Montréal, couvrant l'amélioration de la gestion des aires protégées, la restauration des écosystèmes dégradés, l'intégration de la biodiversité dans les politiques sectorielles (agriculture, foresterie, pêche, mine et pétrole), et le renforcement des capacités scientifiques, institutionnelles et financières nécessaires. Le présent Plan d’Action est structuré en 3 axes stratégiques, comportant 23 cibles ou objectifs opérationnels, 46 activités et 65 indicateurs. Les tableaux ci-dessous présente les axes, les résultats attendus et les différentes cibles nationales. AXE 1 : RÉDUCTION DES MENACES POUR LA BIODIVERSITÉ Cet axe regroupe les actions directement liées à l'élimination ou à la réduction des pressions sur la biodiversité du Gabon. Il regroupe les huit (8) premières cibles nationales. Tableau 1: Cibles (1-8) relatives à l’axe stratégique 1 : Réduire les menaces sur la biodiversité AXE STRATEGIQUE 1 Réduire les menaces sur la biodiversité Résultats attendus : Les menaces sur la biodiversité sont réduites Objectif opérationnel 1.1 C1: Planification et amélioration de la gestion de toutes les zones afin de minimiser la perte de biodiversité Objectif opérationnel 1.2 C2 : Restauration des écosystèmes dégradés Objectif opérationnel 1.3 C3: Conservation de 30 % des zones terrestres, des eaux intérieures et des zones marines et côtières Objectif opérationnel 1.4 C4 : Coexistence Homme-Faune Objectifs opérationnel 1.5 C5 : Utilisation durable Objectif opérationnel 1.6 C6 : Espèces exotiques envahissantes Objectif opérationnel 1.7 C7 : Identification du niveau d'impact des pollutions Objectif opérationnel 1.8 C8: Atténuation des changements climatiques et de l’acidification des océans AXE 2 : SATISFACTION DES BESOINS DES POPULATIONS GRÂCE À L'UTILISATION DURABLE ET AU PARTAGE DES AVANTAGES Ce volet vise à satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l’utilisation durable et au partage des avantages. Les cibles nationales allant de 9 à 13 constituent le levier de cet axe stratégique. Tableau 2: Cibles (9-13) relatives à l’axe stratégique 2 : Satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l’utilisation durable et au partage des avantages AXES STRATEGIQUE 2 : Satisfaire les besoins des populations grâce à l'utilisation durable et au partage des avantages Résultats attendus : Les besoins des populations sont satisfaits grâce à l'utilisation durable et au partage des avantages Objectif opérationnel 2.1 C9: Gestion des espèces sauvages de manière durable pour le bénéfice des populations Objectif opérationnel 2.2 C10 : Gestion durable des zones agricoles, aquacoles, halieutiques et forestières Objectif opérationnel 2.3 C11 : Renforcement des contributions de la nature aux populations Objectif opérationnel 2.4 C12 : aménagement des espaces verts et bleus dans les zones urbaines Objectif opérationnel 2.5 C13: Accès aux ressources génétiques et partage des avantages AXE 3 : OUTILS ET SOLUTIONS EN MATIÈRE DE MISE EN ŒUVRE ET D’INTÉGRATION Ce dernier axe regroupe toutes les activités de support nécessaires pour garantir le succès, la pérennité et l'intégration de la SPANB dans la société gabonaise. Le déroulement de cet axe repose sur les cibles nationales de 14 à 23. Tableau 3: Cibles (14-23) relatives à l’axe stratégique 3 : Outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d’intégration AXE STRATEGIQUE 3 Outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d'intégration Résultats attendus Les outils et solutions en matière de mise en œuvre et d'intégration sont définis Objectif Opérationnel 3.1 C14 : Intégration de la biodiversité dans la prise de décision à tous les niveaux Objectif Opérationnel 3.2 C15 : Incitation des entreprises à intégrer la biodiversité dans leurs pratiques Objectif opérationnel 3.3 C16 : Promotion des choix de consommation durables pour améliorer la gestion des déchets Objectif opérationnel 3.4 C17 : Renforcement de la biosécurité et répartir les avantages de la biotechnologie Objectif opérationnel 3.5 C18 : Réduction des incitations préjudiciables et renforcement des incitations positives pour la biodiversité Objectif opérationnel 3.6 C19 : Mobilisation des ressources financières Objectif opérationnel 3.7 C20 : Développement des capacités, accès et transfert de technologie Objectif opérationnel 3.8 C21 : Accès aux données, informations et connaissances disponibles Objectif opérationnel 3.9 C22 : Participation et inclusion de toutes les parties prenantes Objectif opérationnel 3.10 C23 : Garantir l’égalité des sexes et une approche sensible au genre

Timor-Leste is a young island nation endowed with exceptional terrestrial and marine biodiversity, including globally significant forests, coral reefs, mangroves, and freshwater ecosystems. These ecosystems underpin national food security, livelihoods, cultural identity, and climate resilience. However, biodiversity is increasingly threatened by land-use change, unsustainable harvesting, invasive species, pollution, and the accelerating impacts of climate change. Recognizing these challenges, the Government of Timor-Leste has updated its National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) for 2026–2030 to serve as the country’s primary framework for conserving biodiversity and integrating ecosystem management into national development. The updated NBSAP builds on the lessons of the 2011–2020 NBSAP and is fully aligned with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), the Paris Agreement, the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) commitments, and regional initiatives such as the Coral Triangle Initiative. Developed through an extensive consultation process, including national workshops in Dili and sub-national consultations in Baucau, Manufahi, and Liquiça, as well as bilateral meetings with ministries, NGOs, development partners, and community representatives, the NBSAP reflects a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach. The vision of the updated NBSAP is “By 2030, Timor-Leste’s biodiversity and ecosystems are conserved and sustainably used by all sectors, providing food security and contributing to poverty eradication and improved quality of life for all Timorese People.”  To achieve this, the NBSAP positions biodiversity as a foundation for sustainable development, emphasizing integration across agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, and spatial planning. The Strategy defines 22 interlinked national targets, adapted from the 23 KMGBF Targets, covering ecosystem restoration, protected areas, species conservation, genetic diversity, sustainable management of productive sectors, invasive species control, pollution reduction, climate adaptation, biosafety, and resource mobilization. These are operationalized through a detailed action plan that identifies responsible institutions, timelines, and links to national policies. The NBSAP also provides spatially explicit priorities across municipalities, based on the National Spatial Plan, identifying where agricultural diversification, forestry restoration, sustainable fisheries, community-based tourism, and protected area expansion should occur. Cross-cutting strategies strengthen the inclusive and rights-based implementation of biodiversity actions. Timor-Leste’s National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence (2017-2021) and the National Strategy for Social Protection (2021) provide complementary frameworks for embedding GEDSI in conservation. GEDSI embedded in the NBSAP is guided by the Maubisse Declaration (2022) and aligned with the four key priorities of the Secretary of State for Equality (SEI). A Gender Plan of Action outlines measures to support women’s leadership, reduce gender barriers, and integrate gender-responsive indicators. A dedicated section on Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) or local community (used in this document) participation ensures rights-based engagement, recognition of traditional knowledge systems such as tara bandu , and equitable distribution of benefits. Capacity-building measures target sectoral ministries and departments, as well as communities and the general public. The NBSAP also includes a country-specific Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning Framework that identifies headline, component, and complementary indicators. The framework outlines baseline values, target milestones, and responsible monitoring agencies, ensuring transparent and accountable progress reporting toward 2030 commitments. Financial planning involves a multi-layered approach encompassing domestic budgeting, fiscal and regulatory incentives, donor engagement, private-sector investment, and community-based financing. Resource leveraging will be done through appropriate complementarity with different plans and policies, including those related to climate change and sustainable development. These strategies aim to close current financing gaps and ensure the long-term sustainability of biodiversity initiatives. The updated NBSAP thus provides Timor-Leste with a comprehensive and actionable roadmap to address biodiversity loss, strengthen climate resilience, and enhance the well-being of its people. It reinforces Timor-Leste’s commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity and positions the country to meet global environmental goals while advancing inclusive and sustainable national development.

Executive Summary As a legal framework, The Gambia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) provides an enabling environment for collaboration between government, Civil Society, international partners, the private sector and communities in managing the country’s biodiversity resources. The Gambia is blessed with a rich biodiversity which through the decades has catered to the needs of the population through the provision of a wide range of goods and services providing the foundation for the country’s sustainable development aspirations. Despite its significance, biodiversity in the country is under severe stress resulting from a combination of human activities and climate change factors leading to a plethora of economic, social, environmental and cultural challenges. Responding to these challenges, the current NBSAP (2025 – 2035) was developed against the backdrop of calls for urgent actions to reverse the alarming trend of biodiversity loss. By providing a structured framework, the NBSAP enables The Gambia to set priorities, establish measurable targets, and monitor progress in biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource management. Going further, the new NBSAP (2025 – 2035) aligns with the Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), whose targets and indicators are aimed at halting biodiversity loss, promoting ecosystem restoration, and ensuring that biodiversity contributes to human well-being and sustainable development. Key goals and targets of the GBF aim to achieve measurable biodiversity outcomes by 2030.  The GBF aims to create pathways for countries like The Gambia to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and achieve the long-term vision of “living in harmony with nature” by 2050. The Gambia’s new NBSAP builds upon the achievements and lessons learned from previous NBSAPs, while addressing contemporary issues such as climate change, habitat degradation, invasive species, over-exploitation of resources, and other emerging threats to biodiversity. The development process for the strategy adopted an inclusive approach to ensure that it reflects national priorities, scientific and traditional knowledge with a view to engender stakeholder ownership and commitment to implementation. The NBSAP will be implemented using a decentralized approach through Subnational Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (SBSAP) with all the 7 Administrative Regions/Municipalities implementing their respective plan. This approach ensures that each administrative region/municipality focuses on the unique biodiversity challenges and that adapts the plans to suit their local conditions. The implementation of The Gambia’s NBSAP (2025–2035) is expected to generate measurable outcomes and long-term impacts that collectively contribute to biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and climate resilience. Specifically, the long-term outputs and outcomes will include the following: Improved Biodiversity Status – crucial for the protection and restoration of critical habitats. Enhanced Ecosystem Services - Healthy and well-managed ecosystems will continue to provide essential services Increased Community Resilience to Environmental Changes - By promoting sustainable livelihoods, participatory conservation, and awareness-raising programs, local communities will be better equipped to adapt to environmental shocks. Sustainable Economic Development through Biodiversity Utilization - The NBSAP encourages responsible use of natural resources, linking conservation with economic opportunities while maintaining ecological integrity, contributing to poverty reduction and equitable benefit-sharing. Strengthened National and Local Capacities for Biodiversity Governance - Improved institutional coordination, legal frameworks, technical expertise, and monitoring systems will enhance the capacity of all stakeholders to manage biodiversity effectively. In combination, these outcomes and impacts create a pathway toward a resilient and biodiversity-rich Gambia, where ecosystems sustain livelihoods, support climate adaptation, and contribute to national development goals while fulfilling international biodiversity commitments.

The Fiji National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2026–2030 provides Fiji’s national roadmap for conserving, restoring, and sustainably managing biodiversity while contributing to sustainable development and climate resilience. Guided by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), the NBSAP establishes a long-term vision that by 2050, Fiji’s biodiversity will be conserved, restored, and sustainably used to support resilient ecosystems, thriving communities, and a sustainable blue and green economy. The Strategy is built around four key goals: Protect and Restore, Prosper with Nature, Share Benefits Fairly, and Invest and Collaborate, recognizing biodiversity as a cornerstone of Fiji’s culture, livelihoods, food security, and economic prosperity. On 22 April 2026, the Fiji Cabinet endorsed the Fiji NBSAP 2026–2030, reaffirming the Government’s commitment to strengthening national efforts to protect and sustainably manage Fiji’s natural environment. The Strategy responds to increasing pressures on biodiversity, including climate change, habitat degradation, invasive species, pollution, and unsustainable resource use. It aligns Fiji’s national priorities with global biodiversity targets and establishes 23 national targets to be achieved by 2030, including protecting and effectively managing 30% of terrestrial and marine areas, restoring 30% of degraded ecosystems, strengthening species conservation, improving sustainable resource management, and ensuring equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources. The NBSAP 2026-2030 will guide coordinated national action through a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach, bringing together government agencies, resource owners, communities, civil society organizations, academia, development partners, and the private sector. It provides a framework for implementation, monitoring, financing, and reporting, while supporting access to international biodiversity and climate finance. Through its implementation, Fiji aims to strengthen ecosystem resilience, safeguard biodiversity, and ensure that natural resources continue to support economic growth, food security, cultural heritage, and the well-being of present and future generations.

Ethiopia is endowed with diverse geographic features and climatic variability. The wide range of altitude covering from 126m below sea level to 4620m above sea level is the major driver of diversity in physio-geographic features that comprise high and rugged mountains, flat-topped plateaus, deep gorges, incised river valleys, lakes and rolling plains. This made the country to be ecologically diverse with chains of highlands, midlands and lowlands. Ethiopia is endowed with various ecosystems that are classified into five broad categories, namely: Mountain, Forest and Woodland, Aquatic and Wetland, Rangeland, and Agro-ecosystems that are inhabited by diverse plant, animal and microbial genetic resources, including the endemic elements; making the country among the global biodiversity hotspots. Apart from ecological and environmental factors driving the diversity, socio-ecological systems have also contributed to the rich biological resources, because Ethiopia is a country of various ethnic groups associated with diverse languages, cultures, and community knowledge. Ethiopia is recognized as one of the Vavilovian centers of origin and/or diversity for certain crop genetic resources. It is also a member of the Like‑Minded Mega Diverse Countries (LMMC), and hosts two of the 36 Global Biodiversity Hotspots. Ethiopia has diverse plant genetic resources of wild and cultivated origin distributed across a wide range of environments, with the higher plants estimated at over 6000 species, 10% of which are endemic to the country. Diverse wild plant species exist in Ethiopia, distributed across natural and semi-natural habitats, mainly hosted by forests. They include plants of both economic and cultural importance, such as medicinal plants, forage, and wild edible plants. Diverse fields and horticultural crops are cultivated in the country, but their status is decreasing over time, attributed to different factors such as replacement of farmers’ varieties, diseases and pests, deforestation, agricultural expansion, overharvesting, overgrazing, frequent drought, invasive species, habitat conversion, unreliable rainfall, and market-related socioeconomic factors. Around 100 indigenous farm animal breeds and species are reported to exist in Ethiopia with cattle, chicken, sheep, and goats leading in the number of breeds. Moreover, other domestic farm animals such as various breeds of horses, donkeys, and mules exist in the country. There are also exotic breeds of some livestock categories introduced to Ethiopia that gradually crossed with indigenous breeds for the purpose of improving egg, milk, and meat production. There are 3,230 wild mammal species in Ethiopia of which 55 species are endemic. Similarly, there are 926 bird species of which 24 are endemic. Furthermore, 4,693 species of arthropods with 823 endemic species; 81 amphibian species, including 30 endemics, and 242 reptile species with 19 endemic species are registered to occur in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, 88 species of wild animals are threatened at different threat levels of the IUCN category. Besides, wildlife habitats such as aquatic and wetlands are subjected to various levels of threats ranging from habitat degradation, overharvesting, unsustainable water use, siltation, mining, wetland drainage for alternative land uses, and pollution. Diverse microbial genetic resources exist in the country, although few data exist on their exploration, collection, characterization, and conservation, owing to the limited capacity in the sector. Despite the limited efforts, the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute has identified and conserved 1,350 species of bacteria, fungi, and microalgae in its gene bank. Similar to their exploration, collection, and conservation, limited data exist on the extent of threats to the country’s microbial genetic resources, except for the generally held consensus that factors that impact ecosystems, and plant and animal diversity, are also believed to affect microbial genetic resources. Given that Ethiopia is home to over 80 ethnic groups with distinct languages and dialects, the culture is diverse, which is closely linked to a wide range of community knowledge, practices, and innovations associated with the conservation and sustainable use of the country’s biodiversity. The diverse farming and pastoralist communities have maintained various crop, livestock, and associated biodiversity resources through their community knowledge and traditional practices, overusing plants and animal resources in their daily lives. Nevertheless, community knowledge associated with biodiversity is declining due, mainly, to reliance on modern healthcare, loss of native plant and animal species, and weak integration of community knowledge and practices into modern scientific practices. Biodiversity and ecosystems proved mankind with diverse ecosystem services that are categorized into provisioning (food, fresh water, fuel wood, fiber, bio-chemicals, and genetic resources), supporting (soil formation, nutrient cycling and primary production), regulating (regulation of climate, disease, water, and purification and pollination), and cultural services (spiritual, religious, recreation, eco-tourism, esthetic, inspirational, educational, and cultural heritage services). Despite the fact that data on the monetary values of these biodiversity and ecosystem services are scanty in Ethiopia, there are crude and proxy indications of ecosystem services from various elements of biodiversity. Agriculture contributes around 40% to GDP and accounts for 80% of exports. Export earnings and GDP contributions from coffee, pulses, oil crops, fruits, spices, chat, cereal crops, live animals, and their products are major contributions from cultivated crops and farm animals. Similarly, forest resources contribute significantly to the country’s economic, ecological, and social well-being, with nearly 12.86% contribution to the GDP. Although not quantified in monetary values, cultural diversity and associated indigenous knowledge also play invaluable roles in a variety of fields such as agriculture, health care services, weather or climate services, and natural resource conservation. However, biodiversity and ecosystem services in Ethiopia are under pressure from direct and indirect drivers. Habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive alien species and woody encroachers, climate change, replacement of farmers’ varieties and breeds, and pollution are the direct drivers of biodiversity loss. Indirect drivers that trigger biodiversity loss through their effects on direct drivers include demographic pressure, poverty, low levels of awareness, and lack of coordination among stakeholders. In response to these threats and challenges and cognizant of the values of biodiversity, the Ethiopian government has made tremendous efforts to reverse the situation and promote biodiversity conservation, sustainable use, and access to genetic resources and equitable sharing of benefits accrued from their use. Along with this, the country has ratified international and regional treaties such as CBD, ITPGRFA, CITES, CMS, World Heritage, and AEWA, including acceding to the Nagoya protocol. As part of the global and national efforts to achieve the CBD objectives, Ethiopia has prepared and successfully implemented the first and second NBSAPs, followed by the preparation of the present 2025-2030 NBSAP. A wide range of relevant stakeholders participated in the updating of the Strategy and the Action Plan under the lead coordination of the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute. The process involved the establishment of a multi-stakeholder technical and steering committee at various levels, an inception workshop, drafting national targets, a series of consultative meetings of the National Biodiversity Platform at different milestones of the updating process, including a final validation and launching workshops. The updated Ethiopian National Biodiversity Strategy and the Action Plan (Eth. NBSAP 2025-2030) consists of eight chapters. Chapter One gives description of physiographic and climatic features, administrative arrangements, demography and economic development as well as the overview on biodiversity of the country. Chapter Two describes the biodiversity resource base, within the ecosystems; consisting of plant, animal and microbial diversity and associated cultural diversity along with their status and trends. Chapter Three presents values of biodiversity and ecosystem services with a special focus on values of agro-biodiversity including coffee, and values of forest and wildlife resources. It further describes the direct and indirect values of protected areas and other natural resources. Chapter Four outlines the direct and indirect drivers threatening biodiversity leading to local extinction of species in Ethiopia. Chapter Five describes biodiversity governance and institutions such as policies, strategies, proclamations and regulations. These strategic and legal instruments include both existing and emerging legal frameworks. Chapter Six gives a detailed account of lessons drawn from implementation of the previous NBSAPs and the processes involved in revising the current one. Chapter Seven provides the globally shared vision, mission, goals, guiding principles and targets. The targets that have been aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Targets and Goals are further described using technical rationale, implementation strategy and milestones. Chapter Eight presents implementation arrangements outlining the overall coordination mechanisms with a leading role of the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute in establishing of the NBSAP-Technical Committee and running of the National Biodiversity Platform (NBP) that are drawn from various government and non-governmental organizations. It also describes mechanisms of resource mobilization, data sharing (CHM), monitoring and evaluation, and reporting during implementation of the Strategy. The vision of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is a world of living in harmony with nature where “by 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.” The mission of the Framework for the period up to 2030 is to take urgent action to halt and reverse biodiversity loss to put nature on a path to recovery for the benefit of people and planet by conserving and sustainably using biodiversity and ensuring the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of genetic resources, while providing the necessary means of implementation, and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has the following four Goals. Goal A: Substantially increase the area of natural ecosystems by maintaining, enhancing, or restoring the integrity, connectivity, and resilience of all ecosystems. Reduce by tenfold the extinction rate and risk of all species, and increase the abundance of native wild species. Maintain the genetic diversity of wild and domesticated species and safeguard their adaptive potential Goal B: Ensure nature’s contributions to people are valued, maintained, and enhanced, with those contributions currently in decline being restored Goal C: Share the monetary and non-monetary benefits of the utilization of GR, DSI on genetic resources, and TK associated with Indigenous people and local communities. Ensure TK knowledge is appropriately protected. Goal D: Ensure all parties (specifically developing countries) have adequate means to implement the GBF. This includes financial resources, capacity building, technical and scientific cooperation, and access to technology. Under the above shared four global Goals, Ethiopia has developed the following 19 National targets. Eth - Target 1: By 2030, areas of high biodiversity importance are spatially planned, and effectively managed and increased from the existing 30% to 80%, addressing land-use changes in full participation of stakeholders. Eth - Target 2: By 2030, forest coverage is increased from 23.6% to 30%, area of degraded wetland decreased by 20% from the existing 27,142.5km2 and degraded terrestrial land decreased by 20% from the existing 85, 243km2, extent of conversion of grazing land decreased from 43.7% to 30% through fostering ecosystem-based management approach, there by at least 30% of the degraded land is restored. Eth - Target 3: By 2030, ecologically representative protected areas including biosphere reserves and inland waters are increased from 12 to 30%, while the existing 0.08% ecosystem and species based in-situ sites are doubled through enhancing their ecological connectivity and effective management by actively engaging local communities. Eth - Target 4: By 2030, in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity is increased from 178 to 205 sites for conservation of crop varieties and animal breeds on farm, and management standards of the existing are improved. Eth -.Target 5: By 2030, ex-situ conservation; emphasizing endemic, endangered, economically and ecologically important species of crop varieties of 92,258 accessions, 3,644 accessions of forest species, 120,000 straws of animal breeds and 1,350 microbial species/strains are increased by 10%, 25%, 50%, and 10%, respectively; and standards of the existing ex situ conservation are improved. Eth - Target 6. By 2030, proportion of areas invaded by invasive alien species are reduced by 50% from the existing 3,949,314ha through eradicating the existing invasions and preventing their introduction and expansion. Eth - Target 7: By 2030, pollution of major ecosystems is reduced by at least 10% from the existing 10 million tones by application of innovative measures, with emphasis on municipal and industrial sources. Eth - Target 8: By 2030, land-based mitigation and adaptation measures contribute to the reduction of at least 152.75 MtCO2e from the BAU scenario of 346 MtCO2e, and inter-sectoral coordination towards biodiversity mainstreaming in the climate actions is increased. Eth - Target 9: By 2030, unsustainable utilization of wild genetic resources is reduced ensuring that all uses, including harvesting and trading activities are implemented sustainably, safely and legally. Eth - Target 10: By 2030, biodiversity issues are integrated into agricultural systems through application of biodiversity friendly practices and use of improved decision support processes in agricultural production systems, where at least 25% of agricultural land is put under agro-ecological practices. Eth - Target 11: By 2030, 75 urban centers put 30% their land under spatially planed green areas through biodiversity inclusive urban planning. Eth - Target 12: By 2030, access to genetic resources for research and development of 294,616 crop and horticulture accessions, 5700 forest and rangeland plants accessions, 9,000 straws of semen of domestic animals, 620 accessions of microbial species/strains and 1500 access permits are increased by 32%, 18%, 67%, 17% and 55%, respectively and value addition and market linkage are carried-out for at least 18 biological commodities. Eth - Target 13: By 2028, biodiversity and ecosystem services related laws, in including those associated with incentives are studied, reviewed and integrated into the national and local development policies, strategies and plans. Eth - Target 14: By 2030, a system of regulation and guideline are formulated, integrated to tax and business laws and enforced to implement biodiversity compliance to off-set negative impacts of business activities on biodiversity. Eth - Target 15: By 2028, biodiversity priorities and concerns are integrated into biosafety regulatory framework and capacity to regulate transaction of GMOs is enhanced. Eth - Target 16: By 2030, capacity to implement biodiversity conservation, sustainable utilization and access and benefit sharing are improved by strengthening information technology, gene banks and laboratory infrastructures through technology transfer, and scientific and technical cooperation; including through South-South and North-South cooperation. Eth - Target 17: By 2030, data, information and comprehensive knowledge and innovations related to biodiversity values, ecosystem functioning, status and trends are generated, and the consequences of biodiversity loss are determined, reviewed, compiled and made accessible to decision makers, practitioners and the public, and are applied in biodiversity related planning and decision-making processes. Eth - Target 18: By 2030, gender equality and a gender-responsive approach for biodiversity actions is ensured through awareness, participation, and social inclusion of disability, youth, and children, and other vulnerable groups, and the actions that the stakeholders can take to conserve and use biodiversity sustainably is improved. Eth - Target 19: By 2029, mobilization of financial resources from domestic sources required for effective implementation of the strategy by mandated sectoral institutions is increased at least by 57% and strategy is devised to secure additional fund from other internal and external sources.

The updated Philippine Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (PBSAP) 2024–2040 serves as the country’s national roadmap for protecting and sustainably managing biodiversity and ecosystems. It is led by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), through the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB), and was developed through consultations with stakeholders across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The PBSAP 2024–2040 aligns with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, reflecting the country’s commitment to contribute to global biodiversity goals. It envisions that by 2040, Philippine biodiversity is valued, enhanced, and effectively conserved and managed, delivering climate-resilient ecosystems and sustained benefits to Filipino communities. Kindly note that the attached document is an abridged version of the PBSAP, meaning it presents a condensed summary of the key points and major components of the plan. The unabridged version, or the full and detailed document containing comprehensive discussions, complete data, and the full set of strategies and actions, is currently being finalized.

Summary_Cambodia NBSAP Final Version January 2026.pdf

With its important properties that ensure the sustainability of ecosystems, the rich biodiversity of the Republic of Armenia is simultaneously an important prerequisite for the economic development of the country. Endemic species of beneficial weeds and wildlife contribute to the development of various sectors of agriculture, such as crop production, animal husbandry, beekeeping, fish farming, as well as some important branches of light and food industry. The role of biodiversity in maintaining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ecosystem services (hereinafter referred to as ES) is invaluable, especially for gene pool conservation, selection, obtaining medicines, and producing new materials through biotechnology. The main groups of fauna, flora and macrofungi of the Republic of Armenia used as food in the Republic of Armenia are as follows: Edible herbs: about 400 species, Wild fruits trees: about 140 species, Honey plants: about 350 species, Medicinal plants: about 700 species, Industrial crops: about 350 species, Fodder: about 1000 species, Edible fungi: about 40 species. All the main ecosystems of the Caucasus region, except for the humid subtropical zones, are represented in Armenia: semi-deserts, steppes, sparse forests, forests, meadow-steppes, subalpine and alpine vegetation and other inter-zonal ecosystems, which are habitats for representatives of the flora and fauna. The diversity of ecosystems also makes it possible to distinguish different and highly specific ecosystem services, which are represented in each ecosystem in different composition and proportion. Currently, ecosystem services are not assessed in Armenia, but such assessment is highly encouraged, especially for specially protected areas, forestry, and other valuable ecosystems. Almost the entire ecosystem diversity of Armenia is of great value. Some of them are particularly important for human economic activity, in particular, pastures, grasslands and forests used for agricultural purposes. Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of ecosystem services, and some ecosystems also have significant aesthetic value. More than 50 ecosystems are considered rare, both in Armenia and globally, including: salt marshes in the Ararat Valley (D6.24) arid and semi-desert ecosystems with Salsola dendroides as the main plant and the presence of Cistanche armena (E1.3361), meadow steppes dominated by Acanthus dioscoridis (E2.1611), steppes with a predominance of wild wheat species (E1.2E22), shiblyaks with the species Iris iberica (F3.24761), shiblyaks with Paeonia tenuifolia , rare and endemic plants and animals are found (F3.24762), etc. The vision for biodiversity conservation of the Republic of Armenia is to conserve, restore and sustainably use Armenia's biodiversity by 2030, ensuring the continuity of ecosystem services and the well-being of society. The goals of biodiversity conservation in Armenia are as follows: conserve the genetic and species diversity of Armenia's flora and fauna, improve the ecological status of endangered species, restore and maintain the integrity, interconnectedness and stability of ecosystems, ensure the sustainable use of biodiversity, the valuation, conservation and restoration of the services provided by ecosystems, ensure equitable distribution of monetary and non-monetary benefits derived from genetic resources and digital sequences, including access to local communities and other beneficiaries; ensure the necessary financial, logistical and human resources for biodiversity conservation and implementation of the measures envisaged in the Action Plan.

El Ecuador, como Estado Parte del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB), asumió en 1993 el compromiso de conservar la biodiversidad, promover su uso sostenible y garantizar la participación justa y equitativa en los beneficios derivados de los recursos genéticos. En cumplimiento de estas obligaciones, en el año 2000 se formuló la primera Política y Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad. Posteriormente, la Constitución de 2008 redefinió el rol del Estado bajo el paradigma del Buen Vivir o Sumak Kawsay, incorporando los derechos de la naturaleza y consolidando la planificación como eje estructurante del desarrollo nacional, orientado a la sostenibilidad, la equidad y la erradicación de la pobreza. En este marco, en 2016 se adoptó la Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad (ENB) 2015–2030 como principal instrumento de política ambiental del país. Esta estableció un modelo renovado de gestión de la biodiversidad, alineado con los principios constitucionales y articulado al Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir, las Metas de Aichi y otros instrumentos del Sistema Nacional Descentralizado de Planificación Participativa. No obstante, la evolución del marco normativo particularmente con la entrada en vigencia del Código Orgánico del Ambiente y los cambios en la arquitectura institucional del Estado hicieron necesaria su actualización. La adopción del Marco Mundial de la Biodiversidad Kunming–Montreal (MMBKM) en la COP-15 (2022) marcó un nuevo hito internacional, comprometiendo al Ecuador a alinear su estrategia nacional a la visión 2050 y misión 2030 del nuevo acuerdo global, en coherencia con la Agenda 2030 y el Acuerdo de París. La actualización de la ENB 2025–2030 se construyó mediante un proceso participativo y multinivel, que involucró a más de 622 actores de distintos sectores y territorios, incorporando enfoques de integralidad, sostenibilidad e interculturalidad. El documento mantiene la base conceptual histórica, pero incorpora un nuevo marco estratégico, de monitoreo, acción y financiamiento, orientado a fortalecer la implementación efectiva y el posicionamiento de la biodiversidad como pilar del desarrollo sostenible del país alineado al MMBKM.

A escala global, existe la visión de un mundo que vive en armonía con la naturaleza al 2050, de la cual Chile es parte. Con una biodiversidad singular y geografía única, nuestro país asume el desafío adquirido en el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CBD), generando la primera Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad (ENB) en 2003. Catorce años más tarde se actualiza este documento dando paso a la ENB 2017-2030. A la luz del nuevo Marco Global de Kunming-Montreal sobre Biodiversidad (KMGBF), adoptado en 2022, Chile debe actualizar nuevamente su estrategia y alinearse con los objetivos y metas planteadas, cuyos resultados se describen en el presente documento. El proceso de actualización, iniciado en 2023 con el liderazgo del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (MMA), con el apoyo del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), y el financiamiento del Fondo Mundial para el Medio Ambiente (GEF), ha conducido un proceso cuidadoso y colaborativo para diseñar, analizar y sintetizar los elementos técnicos y políticos que ha implicado la actualización de la Estrategia Nacional de Biodiversidad vigente (2017-2030). Lo anterior se ha transformado en un ejercicio escalable donde las y los actores de la institucionalidad ambiental, sectorial, de la sociedad civil y de diversas áreas de la investigación, han participado de diversas formas de acuerdo con el contexto. El Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, luego de cinco años, convoca la participación de los integrantes del Comité Operativo Nacional de Biodiversidad (CONB) en la evaluación de brechas que implica para Chile cumplir con el Marco Global de Biodiversidad. De igual forma, los profesionales de las Secretarías Regionales Ministeriales y de nivel central del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente analizan y proponen elementos concretos para abordar este marco. El presente documento describe el Marco Estratégico actualizado de la ENB, en la primera de las tres etapas definidas para el proceso que se describe, y que considera las diferentes realidades, singularidades ecológicas y urgencias para guiar de forma transversal la conservación de la biodiversidad del país. La ENB actualizada considera un plazo de implementación 2025-2030, en consistencia con el Marco Global de Biodiversidad con metas al 2030. El marco estratégico propuesto cuenta con cinco objetivos y 39 metas, las cuales abordan 20 temáticas diferentes que apuntan a proteger, conservar y restaurar la biodiversidad; prevenir la pérdida de sus contribuciones; abordar la distribución justa y equitativa de los beneficios derivados del uso de los recursos genéticos; garantizar los recursos humanos, financieros y tecnológicos para la implementación de la ENB y fortalecer la generación de conocimiento, la participación y el acceso a la información de biodiversidad, con perspectiva de género y participación de pueblos indígenas y comunidades locales.

Lesotho is renowned for its natural beauty characterised by spectacular physical formations of cliffs, valleys and mountain tops, as well as unique plants and wetlands. Some of these areas are considered to be rich in biodiversity, have high species endemism and are endowed with wetlands containing unique Alpine bogs. It is not surprising therefore that these areas attract tourists from near and afar who come to enjoy the country’s natural wealth. However, some of the species are declining due several factors such as overharvesting, overgrazing, climate change, land degradation, unprescribed fires, habitat fragmentation, pollution, human wildlife conflicts. To combat these challenges, the country has developed policies and legislative frameworks to ensure biodiversity conservation. Moreover, Lesotho is signatory to several Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) such as the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) together with its associated protocols namely; Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation. For Lesotho to make its commitment tangible and achievable under the UNCBD and its Protocols, a key requirement is to domesticate the global biodiversity obligations into the national context. One of the recent global commitments is the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF). The Framework provides strategic direction for implementation of UNCBD objectives and builds on the Convention’s Strategic Plans. Preparation of National Biodiversity Strategies and Actions Plans (NBSAPs) is one of the key mechanisms of domesticating global conservation agenda, specifically the one contained in the KM-GBF. The Government of Lesotho (GOL) through the Ministry of Environment and Forestry was mandated to review its NBSAP II and assess its alignment to the KM-GBF Goals and Targets, and thereafter develop NBSAP III, which is the current document. The NBSAP III has been prepared to provide Lesotho with practical guidance on measures the country will implement towards conservation of its biodiversity, its sustainable use and ensuring the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from biodiversity utilisation. This will assist Lesotho to comply with its international obligations on biodiversity conservation under the UNCBD and its Protocols, as well as national legislation on related matters. The NBSAP provides background information on status of biodiversity, causes of its loss, the challenges and conservation measures being implemented in the country. NBSAP III also provides findings emanating from assessment of performance of NBSAP II and its alignment to the global KM-GBF Targets. NBSAP II had five Priority Goals and 21 National Targets. NBSAP II has notable achievements which are evident and include the enactment of legislations such as Plastic Levy Regulation 2022 and Environment Fund Regulations 2022; Implementation and institutionalization of the national ICM programme by ReNoka across sectoral plans and programmes; delineation of sub-catchments which affords Lesotho a chance to conserve its biodiversity and water resources, as well as critical ecosystems e.g. wetlands. Of the 23 global targets set by the KM-GBF, Lesotho has aligned its NBSAP III with the four overarching Global Goals. The country has adapted and revised the earlier Aichi targets to formulate 19 national targets that correspond with these global objectives. These are meant to ensure that ‘by 2030, Lesotho’s ecosystems are supported, conserved, restored and wisely used by a nation which values its biological diversity and are in balanced existence with the natural environment for the benefit of all Basotho’. Supporting plans have been formulated to facilitate the operationalization of NBSAP III, these include Policy Coherence Action Plan, Rapid Biodiversity Assessment Report, Gender Action Plan, Environment and Social Management Plan and Monitoring Action Plan.  The latter includes mechanisms for planning, monitoring, reporting, and review which will track implementation progress for Lesotho’s NBSAP III in line with attaining the KM-GBF aspirations. The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment Report reveals that even though many ecosystems (such as grasslands, wetlands, and protected areas) still harbour a diverse range of plant and animal species, there are clear signs of decline due to human-induced pressures. Key drivers include overharvesting, overgrazing, unprescribed fires, invasive species, poor range management practices, climate change, pollution, weak enforcement of environmental laws and minimal conservation activities. Some species, such as Merxmuellera species (Moseha), Pelargonium sidoides (Khoara) are heavily harvested for commercial purposes. It is therefore necessary to update the IUCN Red Data Lists particularly for threatened species to assess their conservation status, thus ensure their protection and sustainable use. In addition, continuous research is also important to provide insights into the threats, population status and trends of the different species. The country has implemented several interventions aimed at conserving biodiversity. These include establishment of Protected Areas (PAs) and botanical gardens, designation of a World Heritages Site (WHS), Biosphere Reserve (BR) and Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCA),  deferred grassland areas, establishment of gene banks and community seed banks. The country is also implementing projects and programmes focusing on ecosystem and landscape restoration and resilience, ecosystem-based adaptation, Integrated Catchment Management (ICM), climate change mitigation and adaptation. Despite concerted efforts and achievements towards biodiversity conservation, the country still faces several challenges. These include lack of comprehensive legislation which specifically addresses biodiversity, biosafety as well as Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS); some of the legislations are still in draft form and have not yet been enacted; there is no single piece of legislation which “holistically” addresses all the KM-GBF targets. These challenges need to be addressed and continuously monitored as the current strategy (NBSAP III) is being implemented and reviewed to ensure that it achieves the set goals and targets. It is therefore recommended that participation of all relevant stakeholders in biodiversity conservation, including private sector and communities, should be enhanced.

The Kyrgyz Republic has developed the State Program for the Conservation of Biodiversity until 2040 and is currently in the process of its legalization. The Program, as the NBSAP of Kyrgyzstan, contributes to the implementation of the goals set out in the Global Framework Program on Biodiversity (GFP) and the implementation of the Convention on Migratory Species (Bonn Convention), the Ramsar Convention and the CITES Convention, as well as regional strategic documents within the Central Asian region. To implement the State Program, a Plan has been developed until 2030. The Program and Action Plan include 34 tasks aimed at creating a sustainable ecosystem infrastructure for the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity. A total of 57 specific targets to be achieved by 2030. The Program includes five-year implementation periods. The first Action Plan is designed for the period 2025-2030, subsequent Plans will be developed in accordance with the goals and objectives of the program for the subsequent periods from 2030 to 2040. An assessment of the progress achieved by 2030 will determine the goals for 2035 and 2040 for subsequent planning and adjustments.