Bhutan ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1995 and has since developed five NBSAPs. The current Fifth NBSAP is fully aligned with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) and builds on the last plan submitted in 2014.

The NBSAP was coordinated by the National Biodiversity Centre (NBC) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MoAL), with co-chairing by the Department of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) under the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MoENR). A Technical Working Group (TWG) guided the process, supported by nationwide consultations across all 20 Dzongkhags and key sectors, including CSOs, academia, and the private sector.

Structured around five chapters, the plan outlines 20 national targets, 40 strategies, and 133 actions focusing on biodiversity conservation, species and genetic diversity, sustainable use, climate resilience, inclusive governance, and capacity building.

The NBSAP is aligned with the 13th Five Year Plan, NDC 3.0, and strategic frameworks of WWF-Bhutan and BTFEC, ensuring full alignment with the 23 KMGBF targets and access to global biodiversity financing.

To strengthen implementation, the plan introduces new measures, including a dedicated M&E unit, a resource mobilization plan, and a capacity-building strategy to address past gaps in funding and institutional capacity.